Browsing by Author "Chu, Ha Duc"

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    Cytokinin and MAX2 signaling pathways act antagonistically in drought adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana
    (2024) Nguyen, Kien Huu; Li, Zihan; Wang, Chengliang; Van Ha, Chien (TTU); Tran, Cuong Duy; Abdelrahman, Mostafa (TTU); Pham, Xuan Hoi; Trung, Khuat Huu; Khanh, Tran Dang; Chu, Ha Duc; Mostofa, Mohammad Golam; Watanabe, Yasuko; Wang, Yaping; Miao, Yuchen; Mochida, Keiichi; Pal, Sikander; Li, Weiqiang; Tran, Lam Son Phan (TTU)
    Understanding the mechanisms, especially those associated with phytohormones, of plant drought adaptation is crucial for sustaining agricultural production in the era of climate change. Arabidopsis histidine kinases (AHKs), an integral part of the cytokinin signaling pathway, and more axillary growth 2 (MAX2), a key component of the strigolactone and karrikin signaling pathways are reported to act as negative and positive regulators, respectively, in plant adaption to drought. However, the potential interaction between these singaling pathways in plant drought adaptation is not fully understood. To address this query, we assessed drought tolerance levels and associated phenotypic and physiological traits of the max2 single mutant, ahk2 ahk3 double mutant, ahk2 ahk3 max2 triple mutant, and wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Our findings revealed a distinct hierarchy in drought tolerance among these genotypes, as indicated by the differences in plant growth and stress survival rates. Specifically, the max2 mutant displayed the lowest drought tolerance level, followed by WT, ahk2 ahk3 max2, and ahk2 ahk3 plants. Additionally, the observed changes in leaf relative water content, leaf surface temperature, and cuticle formation were coherently aligned with the observed hierarchy of drought tolerance levels. Under drought conditions, the max2 mutant exhibited higher oxidative stress and membrane damage, as evidenced by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage. In contrast, the ahk2 ahk3 and ahk2 ahk3 max2 mutants showed low and intermediate levels, respectively, for these parameters. The max2 mutant displayed reduced sensitivity, whereas ahk2 ahk3 and ahk2 ahk3 max2 mutants demonstrated high and intermediate sensitivities, respectively, to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Additionally, the expression analysis of several genes associated with the investigated drought tolerance-related traits showed a positive correlation between the transcript levels and corresponding trait(s) in both mutant and WT plants under drought conditions. Our results collectively indicate the presence of an antagonistic interaction between AHK and MAX2 signaling pathways in plant drought adaptation, impacting ABA responsiveness, leaf water retention, cuticle development, and ROS homestasis. The findings of this study provide a valuable foundation for developing agricultural methods to improve plant drought resilience.
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    Genome-wide characterization of the glutathione S-transferase gene family in Phaseolus vulgaris reveals insight into the roles of their members in responses to multiple abiotic stresses
    (2024) Anik, Touhidur Rahman (TTU); Chu, Ha Duc; Ahmed, Md Shahabuddin; Van Ha, Chien (TTU); Gangurde, Sunil S.; Khan, Md Arifur Rahman (TTU); Le, Thao Duc; Le, Dung Tien; Abdelrahman, Mostafa (TTU); Tran, Lam Son Phan (TTU)
    Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a class of multifunctional enzymatic antioxidants that play a significant role in several aspects of plant physiology, including growth, development, and cellular protection from biotic and abiotic stressors. A total of 59 GST genes were found in Phaseolus vulgaris genome, which were categorized into 11 distinct classes according to their evolutionary connection and the existence of conserved structural domains and motifs. Gene duplication analysis revealed that the evolution of the members of the GST gene family in P. vulgaris was driven by both segmental and tandem duplication events. Analysis of the expression profiles of identified PvGST genes using the available transcriptome data demonstrated notable expression patterns and organ specificity of many genes throughout several developmental stages and under drought or salinity. Subsequent RT-qPCR analysis of several drought-responsive or salinity-responsive candidate genes showed that PvGSTF4 was up-regulated solely by drought, PvGSTU11 was up-regulated only by salinity, and PvGSTU3, PvGSTU12, PvGSTU13, PvGSTU14, PvGSTU16, PvGSTT1, and PvGSTZ2 were up-regulated by both salt and drought. The up-regulated PvGSTs under drought and/or salinity might enable P. vulgaris to adapt to stressful environments. These candidate genes could be explored in genetic engineering programs for development of stress-tolerant P. vulgaris varieties.