Browsing by Author "Kaspersen, K."

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ANITA2 – the Multicomponent Air Analyser on ISS – Gas Measurement Results From the ISS Air in 2023
(2024 International Conference on Environmnetal Systems, 2024-07-21) Honne, A.; Kaspersen, K.; Bakke, K. A.; Liverud, A. E.; Thielemann, J.; Elvesæter, B.; Gisi, M.; Pfeiffer, L.; Stettner, A.; Göhler, E.; Seurig, R.; Rebeyre, P.
The ANITA2 (Analysing Interferometer for Ambient Air) system is a trace gas analyser designed to operate onboard the ISS to monitor the cabin atmosphere. ANITA2 can detect more than 45 of the most important trace gases in parallel. The advantages of an ANITA-type instrument include high sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and time resolution of the measurement data, as well as no consumption except electrical power and no production of waste. This also makes ANITA a steppingstone into the future, as a precursor system for crewed stations, bases, and exploration missions, including the Lunar Gateway and to/on the Moon and Mars. Like ANITA1, that operated successfully for 11 months on-board the ISS in 2007 and 2008, the ANITA2 system was built in a contract between ESA, OHB, and SINTEF. ANITA2 was launched to the ISS in December 2021, and it has been in regular operation since March 9, 2022. At the time of writing, ANITA2 is monitoring 48 gas compounds in the ISS air. This paper covers ANITA2's air analysis on the ISS, including extensions of the calibration to include new gases, and adaptations to new conditions after moving from an Express rack in the US Lab to the EPM rack in ESA's Columbus module on March 1, 2023. Manual non-local samples, applying ANITA2's hand pump and gas bags to feed air samples into ANITA2 for automatic gas analyses, has confirmed that the ISS air in general is well mixed. Still, the moving of the system showed marked differences in small, local cyclic variations in gases that are influenced by removal systems for carbon dioxide. This paper also describes the special actions taken to support the operational decisions for the ISS on how to handle the possible internal air pollution from a leaked external cooling liquid contaminating the space suits during spacewalks.
Progress in ANITA2, the Upcoming High Performance ISS Air Monitor for Continuous In-Orbit Operation
(44th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2014-07-13) Stuffler, T.; Gutruf, S.; Nader, K.; Kampf, D.; Blum, N.; Honne, A.; Kaspersen, K.; Schumann-Olsen, H.; Henn, N.; Steinberg, K.; Reybeyre, P.; Lasseur, C.
Following the successful European precursor mission ANITA1 (Analysing Interferometer for Ambient Air) operating on ISS for 11 months in 2007 and 2008, the next generation system ANITA2 is in the design and breadboarding phase. The ANITA1 data have delivered new and partly surprising results on the dynamics of the crewed cabin atmosphere showing the advantages of an optical sensor with high time resolution. The successor instrument ANITA2 is developed to give a system with significant improvements in sensitivity and instrument characteristics. ANITA2 will be calibrated to detect and quantify simultaneously and quasi on-line more than 30 of the most important trace gases in the cabin atmosphere with automatic operation for three to five years on ISS. ANITA2 will be a maintenance-free, reliable, and compact multi-gas air quality monitor. ANITA2 is like ANITA1 suggested to be an ESA-NASA cooperative programme. It further represents a precursor system for missions e.g. to the Moon and Mars under the manned exploration programme. The following ANITA3 system will be a high performance, maintenance-free measurement unit approaching the size of a shoe box. The paper will report on the newly started ANITA2 development of an instrument breadboard and analysis software pre-developments giving an outlook into the future programmatics. The work described is performed under contract of the European Space Agency ESA.
Progress in the Development of the Advanced ISS Air Monitor ANITA2 – BB results and alternative ways for an implementation of the program
(45th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2015-07-12) Stuffler, T.; Hofmann, P.; Klein, V.; Honne, A.; Kaspersen, K.; Schumann-Olsen, H.; Henn, N.; Steinberg, K.; Reybeyre, P.; Lasseur, C.
ANITA2 is the successor system of the successful European test system ANITA1 (Analysing Interferometer for Ambient Air) which operated on ISS for 11 months in 2007 and 2008. ANITA1 delivered new and complementary information on ISS air conditions relying on optical analyses with a Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer. Advantages of the optical sensor include a high time resolution in combination with the simultaneous detection and precise quantification of the most important trace gases in the ISS atmosphere. ANITA1 data have shown new and partly surprising results on the dynamics of the crewed cabin atmosphere. ANITA2 shows improved characteristics in gas analysis sensitivity with a significant reduction in size and mass. The ANITA2 instrument in combination with sophisticated analysis SW will form a compact multi-gas air quality monitor delivering reliable data on the ISS air conditions with a time resolution of minutes for each full sets of measurements. We are also looking into other applications of ANITA2, e.g. inside closed habitats such as submarines, and are starting to investigate commercial approaches with an industrial co- funding. ANITA2 further represents a precursor system for missions e.g. to Moon and Mars under the manned exploration programme. The paper provides a status report on the instrument breadboard activities and analysis software developments and gives an outlook into future programmatics.