Browsing by Author "Pfeiffer, Lukas"

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ANITA-2 – the Advanced Multicomponent Air Analyser for ISS – First Year of Operation, Hardware Behaviour, Expected Lifetime and Reliability as well as Future Updates for ANITA-3.
(2023 International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2023-07-16) Pfeiffer, Lukas; Gisi, Michael; Göhler, Eckart; Seurig, Roland; Stettner, Armin; Honne, Atle; Kaspersen, Kristin; Bakke, Kari A.; Thielemann, Jens; Liverud, Anders Erik; Rebeyre, Pierre
The ANITA2 (Analysing Interferometer for Ambient Air) instrument is a trace gas analyser designed to operate onboard the ISS to monitor the cabin atmosphere. ANITA2 can detect more than 35 of the most important trace gases in parallel. The advantages of an ANITA-type instrument include high sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and time resolution of the measurement data, as well as no consumption except electrical power and no production of waste. This also makes ANITA a steppingstone into the future, as a precursor system for crewed stations, bases, and exploration missions, including the (Deep-Space) Gateway and to/on the Moon and Mars. ANITA-2 has been built in a contract between ESA, OHB and SINTEF, launched to the ISS in December 2021 and commissioned in Q1 of 2022. Since then ANITA-2 is monitoring the ISS gas environment on board the ISS. This paper shows the final flight hardware, describes the accommodation on board the ISS and discusses the performance of the Payload on board the ISS compared to a Ground Model. On board data of performance, opto-mechanical sensitivity, stability and reliability are shown and discussed. From this data an estimate is drawn of the expected lifetime of the life limited items. Additionally, a description of the operations concept is given and current on orbit activities are being discussed. Developments points of for the ANITA hardware are discussed and possible future applications identified.
ANITA2 -- the advanced multicomponent air analyser for ISS -- Pre-flight calibration and testing of gas measurement performance
(51st International Conference on Environmental Systems, 7/10/2022) Honne, Atle; Kaspersen, Kristin; Bakke, Kari; Liverud, Anders Erik; Thielemann, Jens; Elves�ter, Brian; Gisi, Michael; Pfeiffer, Lukas; Stettner, Armin; Seurig, Roland; Witt, Johannes; Rebeyre, Pierre; Hovland, Scott; Stuffler, Timo
The ANITA2 (Analysing Interferometer for Ambient Air) instrument is a trace gas analyser designed to operate onboard the ISS to monitor the cabin atmosphere. ANITA2 can detect more than 30 of the most important trace gases in parallel. The advantages of an ANITA-type instrument include high sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and time resolution of the measurement data, as well as no consumption except electrical power and no production of waste. This also makes ANITA a steppingstone into the future, as a precursor system for crewed stations, bases, and exploration missions, including the Lunar Gateway and to/on the Moon and Mars. After a successful operation of ANITA1 for 11 months on-board the ISS in 2007 and 2008, the ANITA2 instrument was built in a contract between ESA, OHB and SINTEF and launched to the ISS in December 2021. ANITA2 operation started in March 2022 -- after the deadline for this paper. This paper covers the pre-flight gas analysis. It gives a brief overview of the method of calibration, and of the final gas scenarios for the calibration and the associated gas estimation models. The calibration for 37 gases is described, and the test results from the final testing on 30 multi-gas mixtures are presented. The key results are the detection limits for the 35 trace gases in the calibration.
ANITA2 Trace Gas Analyser for the ISS - Flight Model Finalisation, Ground Test Results, and ANITA-X for future exploration missions
(50th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 7/12/2021) Gisi, Michael; Pfeiffer, Lukas; Stettner, Armin; Seurig, Roland; Wahle, Markus; Honne, Atle; Kaspersen, Kristin; Bakke, Kari; Thielemann, Jens; Liverud, Anders; Witt, Johannes; Rebeyre, Pierre; Hovland, Scott; Laurini, Daniele; Stuffler, Timo
The ANITA2 (Analysing Interferometer for Ambient Air) instrument is a trace gas analyser designed to operate on-board the ISS to monitor the cabin atmosphere. ANITA2 is capable of detecting more than 30 of the most important trace gases in parallel. The advantages of an ANITA type instruments include high sensitivity, accuracy, precision and time resolution of the measurement data, as well as no consumption except electrical power and no production of waste. This makes ANITA also a stepping-stone into the future, as a precursor system for crewed stations, bases, and exploration missions, including the (Deep-Space) Gateway and to/on the Moon and Mars. During the last year, the Flight Model of ANITA2 was successfully integrated and functionally tested. At the time of writing, ANITA2 will soon enter the phase of gas calibration measurements, followed by the building of a complete calibration and an extensive test campaign, applying multi-gas mixtures. This paper presents the state of the FM as well as results of the very successful test campaign, including optical performance, vibration, audible noise, and EMC tests. In addition, an overview of ANITA-X for future exploration missions is presented. As of the current planning, ANITA2 will be ready for flight late in the summer 2021.
ANITA2 Trace Gas Analyser for the ISS - Flight Model Finalization and ground test results
(49th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2019-07-07) Gisi, Michael; Stettner, Armin; Seurig, Roland; Pfeiffer, Lukas; Stuffler, Timo; Honne, Atle; Kaspersen, Kristin; Bakke, Kari; Thielemann, Jens; Liverud, Anders; Witt, Johannes; Rebeyre, Pierre; Laurini, Daniele; Hovland, Scott
The ANITA2 (Analysing Interferometer for Ambient Air) instrument is a trace gas analyser, designed to operate onboard the ISS and to monitor the cabin atmosphere. Within the last 2 years, significant progress has been made towards realizing the flight instrument, including the flight-like design, manufacturing, and functional testing of the opto-mechanical components, as well as further development of the gas analysis methods. ANITA2 will deliver information on the air conditions, analysing in parallel more than 30 of the most important trace gases in the cabin atmosphere. The advantages of the ANITA type instruments include high sensitivity, accuracy, precision and time resolution of the measurement data, as well as no consumption except electrical power and no production of waste. The novel, sophisticated analysis software is further improved, employing statistical and non-linear calibration and analysis methods. Thus, detailed, continuous, and quasi real time information on the cabin air quality becomes available. ANITA2 is also a stepping stone into the future, as a precursor system for crewed stations, bases, and exploration missions (Gateway, Moon, Mars...) where bringing local gas samples to earth for analysis is not feasible. Therefore the availability of local gas analysis capabilities for a wide range of substances is a key requirement. The paper gives an overview of ANITA2. This includes the overall system concept and design as well as details about sub-systems. The current Optical Breadboard is shown and described, which contains all opto-mechanical components of ANITA2 in a flight-like design. In addition, the main results of the very successful performance testing of the Optical Breadboard are presented. These tests showed a robust, high optical quality at various conditions. ANITA2 has successfully passed PDR in June 2018 and will be ready for flight and start-up on the ISS in 2020. The Flight Model manufacturing started beginning of 2019.
ANITA2 – Multicomponent Air Analyser for ISS – 2 Years of Operation, Hardware Behaviour and Possible Improvements for Future Versions.
(2024 International Conference on Environmnetal Systems, 2024-07-21) Gisi, Michael; Pfeiffer, Lukas; Stettner, Armin; Göhler, Eckart; Seurig, Roland; Kraemer, Bastian; Honne, Atle; Kaspersen, Kristin; Bakke, Kari; Liverud, Anders Erik; Thielemann, Jens; Elvesæter, Brian; Rebeyre, Pierre
The ANITA2 (Analysing Interferometer for Ambient Air) instrument is a trace gas analyser on board the ISS to monitor cabin atmosphere. ANITA2 has been built in a contract between ESA, OHB and SINTEF commissioned in Q1 of 2022. Since then, ANITA2 is monitoring the ISS gas environment providing detailed analysis for more than 40 gases in real time every 6 minutes. ANITA 2 is running 24/7 365 and proved a reliable instrument, delivering more than 120000 data points for each gas over its lifetime. Throughout ANITA2's operation all down times (significant interruptions of the measurement cycle) were due to OPS constrains and not imposed by ANITA2. This paper shows the two setups on board the space station in which ANITA2 has been operated in since commissioning, discusses possible life limiting items and their aging, and the hardware performance including opto-mechanical sensitivity, stability, and reliability. The concept for the next generation ANITA is presented and shown how lessons learned will be implemented. ANITA2 performance is limited not by optical stability of the instrument but by the fact that absorption spectra of gases are temperature dependent. Since, during cis-lunar missions, environmental temperature might vary significantly over time (crewed and uncrewed phases), a concept for gas cell temperature control is proposed and discussed in further detail.
ANITA2 – the Advanced Multicomponent Air Analyser for ISS – Gas Measurement Results From the ISS Air in 2022
(2023 International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2023-07-16) Honne, Atle; Kaspersen, Kristin; Bakke, Kari; Liverud, Anders Erik; Thielemann, Jens T.; Elvesæter, Brian; Gisi, Michael; Pfeiffer, Lukas; Stettner, Armin; Göhler, Eckart; Seurig, Roland; Rebeyre, Pierre