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Humans to Mars Will Cost About “Half a Trillion Dollars” and Life Support Roughly Two Billion Dollars
(46th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2016-07-10)
A recent estimate of the cost of the first human mission to Mars suggests that it could cost “half a trillion dollars.” This estimate is consistent with most past estimates. A similar cost number can easily be derived using ...
Need for Cost Optimization of Space Life Support Systems
(47th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2017-07-16)
As the nation plans manned missions that go far beyond Earth orbit to Mars, there is an urgent need for a robust, disciplined systems engineering methodology that can identify an optimized Environmental Control and Life ...
High Reliability Requires More Than Providing Spares
(49th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2019-07-07)
It is sometimes optimistically hoped that a space life support system can be kept working throughout a long duration mission by repairing failed components, as long as sufficient spares are flown. It is usually assumed ...
The Partial Gravity of the Moon and Mars Appears Insufficient to Maintain Human Health
(50th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 7/12/2021)
Astronauts who spend many weeks or months in space in microgravity suffer serious health problems including muscle atrophy, cardiovascular deconditioning, bone calcium loss, impaired vision, and immune system changes. The ...
Lessons Learned in Space Life Support System Testing
(50th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 7/12/2021)
The earlier problems can be found and corrected, the easier and cheaper it is to fix them. Doing less testing saves cost and time but doing too little testing increases the risk of operational failures causing large costs ...
Improving Reliability and Maintainability (R&M) in Space Life Support
(48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2018-07-08)
This paper considers how to improve the reliability and maintainability (R&M) of future NASA space life support systems. If these systems are procured under an industry contract, defining the R&M requirements would take ...
Cost-Effective High Reliability for Space Life Support Requires Using Storage
(49th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2019-07-07)
Cost-effective high reliability can be achieved in future space life support systems through careful systems analysis and design. This paper outlines a comprehensive approach. Potential future human space missions are ...
Evaluation of Brine Processing Technologies for Spacecraft Wastewater
(45th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2015-07-12)
Brine drying systems may be used in spaceflight. There are several advantages to using brine processing technologies for long-duration human missions including a reduction in resupply requirements and achieving high water ...
Methane as a Carbon Substrate for Biomanufacturing
(48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2018-07-08)
Deep space missions could benefit from In Space Manufacturing (ISM) using In situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) to provide mission extensibility. Methane (CH4) is a potential carbon substrate for methanotrophic microorganisms ...
Using the System Complexity Metric (SCM) to Compare CO2 Removal Systems
(50th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 7/12/2021)
A fundamental cause of difficulty in large engineering projects is their inherent complexity. An impression of complexity occurs if a system is simply difficult to understand, where there is no obvious mental model that ...