A correlational meta-analysis of the interaction between achievement goals and self-determination theory in sport, exercise, and physical education

Date
2014-12
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Abstract

Elliot’s achievement goals and hierarchal model of approach and avoidance and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) are two constructs empirically proven to be conducive to accurately researching motivation within sport, exercise, and physical education settings both independently and when studied concurrently. The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationships between the two theories in the aforementioned settings by conducting a meta-analytic review. A literature search was first performed to find relevant studies. Data analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2 software to compute the effect size, using sample weighted mean correlation, for each relationship between Elliot’s achievement goals and SDT. Separate analyses were run to examine any effects of age on the relationship between the two theories of motivation. Fifteen out of eighteen hypothesized relationships were statistically significant along with an additional five unpredicted relationships. Eleven relationships had significant differences in effect sizes for people < 18 years old compared with people ˃ 18 years old. The results were largely congruent with the extant literature. This review can serve as a guide to the processes behind motivation in sport, physical education, and exercise.

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Keywords
Achievement goals, Achievement goal theory (AGT), 2 x 2 achievement goal, Trichotomous achievement, Elliot's goals, Self determination, Self determination theory (SDT), Hierarchical, Antecedents, Outcome, Motivation, Sport, Physical, Physical education, Physical activity, Intrinsic motivation, Extrinsic motivation, Adult, Youth
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