Development of an Augmented Reality System for Human Space Operations
Résumé
In this work we develop an augmented reality (AR) heads up display for astronauts during extravehicular activity (EVA) operations. This work takes advantage of recent advances in commercial heads-up-display (HUD) technology to simulate information delivery for an EVA astronaut in microgravity. The primary design objectives were to increase situation awareness, provide timely information to the user and supporting personnel, and facilitate communication among all system elements (user, ground control, and intravehicular astronaut).
The design includes a visual interface that provides on-demand information in both egocentric (fixed to the user) and exocentric (fixed to the environment) perspectives. Some of the information includes astronaut bioinformatics, spacesuit informatics, checklist procedures, communication information, and basic navigation. The design also includes an audio interface that receives verbal commands from the user and provides auditory feedback and information. A novel method of interacting with the AR system was explored: electromyography (EMG). EMG receives electrical signal output from muscle groups on the user’s body and is able to map those as specific inputs to the AR system. In this way, the user’s hands and voice are free to complete other tasks as necessary, while still maintaining a mode of communication with the AR device. To aid in communication among all elements, remote display control via telestration (the ability of a remote user, such as ground control or an IVA astronaut, to draw over a still or video image) was included. This provided a means of visual communication to facilitate task completion, aid in emergency situations, highlight any anomalies, increasing user situation awareness, and decreasing workload. Additional capability was provided for object-tool recognition and basic navigation assistance.
Preliminary subject testing highlighted the potential benefits of the following critical design elements: minimalistic visual display, redundancy of interaction through modalities, and continuity between internal and external display elements.