Evaluation of 3D apparel design spatial visualization training for cognitive function of older adults: cross‑cultural comparisons

This study examined how older adults of four diferent ethnic groups evaluate the spatial visualization training using 3D apparel design software. The model tested was derived from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and a Unifed Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). A quantitative research design with an online questionnaire using the purposive quota sampling was used. Structure equation modeling and ANOVAs were performed to test the hypotheses with 600 completed data. The result shows signifcant ethnic diferences of the perceptions, attitude, and behavioral intention for our spatial visualization training. Especially, Asian Americans found the training easy to be involved with and were more likely to use it, whereas Caucasian Americans felt the training to be most difcult and were less likely to use it, compared to other ethnic groups. Also, perceived ease of use and the performance expectancy are cardinal in increasing the positive attitude toward the training. This study discovered the signifcant factors infuencing the intention to use the apparel design virtual technology to improve cognitive functioning. The ethical diferences found on the latent variables among four ethnic groups indicate the need of more thoughtful training development by considering the diferent cultural requirements and challenges.