Electronically controlled hemi-spherical condensers

In this work an Electronically Controlled hemi-spherical Condenser (ECC) both in visible and near infra-red spectrum is presented for the first time. This condenser has many advantages over its counterparts. It was used to implement several super-resolution techniques such as, Fourier Plane Imaging Microscopy (FPIM), Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (FPM) and Dual Space Microscopy (DSM). The unprecedented work of using FPM to image photonic crystals was done and it was found that for a single periodicity the method fails to go below the Rayleigh resolution limit. FPM, which is a relatively new technique, is also implemented outside the visible spectrum for the first time. On the other hand, DSM was introduced in this work, where the resolution barrier can be crossed for photonic crystals.