Curbing Breast Cancer by Altering V-ATPase Action on F-Actin, Heterochromatin, ETV7 and mTORC2 Signaling

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dc.creatorKhan, Zeina S. (TTU)
dc.creatorHussain, Fazle (TTU)
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-29T16:07:08Z
dc.date.available2024-07-29T16:07:08Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description© 2024 The Author(s). cc-by
dc.description.abstractBackground/Aims: Motivated by the vacuolar proton pump’s importance in cancer, we investigate the effects of proton pump inhibition on breast cancer cell migration and proliferation, F-actin polymerization, lamin A/C, heterochromatin, and ETV7 expressions, nuclear size and shape, and AKT/mTOR signaling. Methods: Lowly metastatic MCF7 and highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were treated with 120 nM of proton pump inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 for 24 hours. Cell migration was studied with wound- scratch assays, ATP levels with a chemiluminescent assay; cell proliferation was quantified by a cell area expansion assay. Nuclear size and shape were determined using DAPI nuclear stain and fluorescence microscopy. The levels of F-actin, lamin A/C, heterochromatin, and ETV7 were quantified using both immunocytochemistry and western blots; p-mTORC1, p-mTORC2, mTOR, p-AKT, and AKT were measured by western blots. Results: We reveal that proton pump inhibition reduces F-actin polymerization, cell migration, proliferation, and increases heterochromatin in both lowly and highly metastatic cells. Surprisingly, Bafilomycin decreases lamin A/C in both cell lines. Inhibition has different effects on ETV7 expression in lowly and highly metastatic cells, as well as nuclear area, perimeter, and circularity. Bafilomycin also significantly decreases p-mTORC1, p-MTORC2, and MTOR expression in both cell lines, whereas it significantly decreases p-AKT in lowly metastatic cells and surprisingly significantly increases p-AKT in highly metastatic cells. Our proton pump inhibition protocol reduces V-ATPase levels (~25%) within three hours. V-ATPase levels vary in time for both control and inhibited cells, and inhibition reduces cellular ATP. Conclusions: Proton pumps promote F-actin polymerization and decrease heterochromatin, facilitating invasion. These pumps also upregulate both mTORC1 and mTORC2, thus highlighting the relevance of vacuolar proton pumps as metastatic cancer targets.
dc.identifier.citationKhan, Z.S., & Hussain, F.. 2024. Curbing Breast Cancer by Altering V-ATPase Action on F-Actin, Heterochromatin, ETV7 and mTORC2 Signaling. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 58(3). https://doi.org/10.33594/000000706
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.33594/000000706
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2346/99230
dc.language.isoeng
dc.subjectAKT
dc.subjectETV7
dc.subjectLamin A/C
dc.subjectmTOR
dc.subjectV-ATPase
dc.titleCurbing Breast Cancer by Altering V-ATPase Action on F-Actin, Heterochromatin, ETV7 and mTORC2 Signaling
dc.typeArticle

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