Browsing by Author "Anik, Touhidur Rahman (TTU)"
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Item Biochar potentially enhances maize tolerance to arsenic toxicity by improving physiological and biochemical responses to excessive arsenate(2023) Rahman, Md Mezanur (TTU); Das, Ashim Kumar; Sultana, Sharmin; Ghosh, Protik Kumar; Islam, Md Robyul; Keya, Sanjida Sultana (TTU); Ahmed, Minhaz; Nihad, Sheikh Arafat Islam; Khan, Md Arifur Rahman; Lovell, Mylea C. (TTU); Rahman, Md Abiar; Ahsan, S. M.; Anik, Touhidur Rahman (TTU); Fnu, Pallavi (TTU); Tran, Lam Son Phan (TTU); Mostofa, Mohammad GolamMetalloid pollution, including arsenic poisoning, is a serious environmental issue, plaguing plant productivity and quality of life worldwide. Biochar, a carbon-rich material, has been known to alleviate the negative effects of environmental pollutants on plants. However, the specific role of biochar in mitigating arsenic stress in maize remains relatively unexplored. Here, we elucidated the functions of biochar in improving maize growth under the elevated level of sodium arsenate (Na2AsO4, AsV). Maize plants were grown in pot-soils amended with two doses of biochar (2.5% (B1) and 5.0% (B2) biochar Kg−1 of soil) for 5 days, followed by exposure to Na2AsO4 ('B1 + AsV'and 'B2 + AsV') for 9 days. Maize plants exposed to AsV only accumulated substantial amount of arsenic in both roots and leaves, triggering severe phytotoxic effects, including stunted growth, leaf-yellowing, chlorosis, reduced photosynthesis, and nutritional imbalance, when compared with control plants. Contrariwise, biochar addition improved the phenotype and growth of AsV-stressed maize plants by reducing root-to-leaf AsV translocation (by 46.56 and 57.46% in ‘B1 + AsV’ and ‘B2 + AsV’ plants), improving gas-exchange attributes, and elevating chlorophylls and mineral levels beyond AsV-stressed plants. Biochar pretreatment also substantially counteracted AsV-induced oxidative stress by lowering reactive oxygen species accumulation, lipoxygenase activity, malondialdehyde level, and electrolyte leakage. Less oxidative stress in ‘B1 + AsV’ and ‘B2 + AsV’ plants likely supported by a strong antioxidant system powered by biochar-mediated increased activities of superoxide dismutase (by 25.12 and 46.55%), catalase (51.78 and 82.82%), and glutathione S-transferase (61.48 and 153.83%), and improved flavonoid levels (41.48 and 75.37%, respectively). Furthermore, increased levels of soluble sugars and free amino acids also correlated with improved leaf relative water content, suggesting a better osmotic acclimatization mechanism in biochar-pretreated AsV-exposed plants. Overall, our findings provided mechanistic insight into how biochar facilitates maize’s active recovery from AsV-stress, implying that biochar application may be a viable technique for mitigating negative effects of arsenic in maize, and perhaps, in other important cereal crops. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]Item Effects of microbial biostimulants (Trichoderma album and Bacillus megaterium) on growth, quality attributes, and yield of onion under field conditions(2023) Younes, Nabil A.; Anik, Touhidur Rahman (TTU); Rahman, Md Mezanur (TTU); Wardany, Ahmed A.; Dawood, Mona F.A.; Tran, Lam Son Phan (TTU); Abdel Latef, A. A.H.; Mostofa, Mohammad GolamMicrobial biostimulants (MBs) promote plant growth and stress tolerance in a sustainable manner. However, precise field trials of MBs are required in natural setting with a range of crop varieties to harness the benefits of biostimulants on crop yield improvement. This study investigated the effects of two MBs, Trichoderma album and Bacillus megaterium, on an onion cultivar's growth, nutritional qualities, antioxidant properties, and yield potentials under field conditions for two successive years. Before transplantation, onion bulbs were gelatin-coated with 2.0 and 4.0 g L−1 of each of the MB. Results revealed that MBs-pretreated onion plants exhibited better growth indices, photosynthetic pigment contents, and yield-attributing features like bulb weight than control plants. Nutraceutical analysis demonstrated that T. album-pretreated (by 2.0 g L−1) onion cultivar enhanced the level of K+ (by 105.79%), Ca2+ (by 37.77%), proline (by 34.21%), and total free amino acids (by 144.58%) in bulb tissues over the control plants. Intriguingly, the pretreatment with both T. album and B. megaterium (by 2.0 g L−1) increased the levels of total soluble carbohydrates (by 19.10 and 84.02%), as well as antioxidant properties, including increased activities of superoxide dismutase (by 58.52 and 31.34%), catalase (by 164.71 and 232%), ascorbate peroxidase (by 175.35 and 212.69%), and glutathione-S-transferase (by 31.99 and 9.34%) and improved the contents of ascorbic acid (by 19.1 and 44.05%), glutathione (by 6.22 and 33.82%), and total flavonoids (by 171.98 and 56.24%, respectively) in the bulb tissues than control plants. Although both MBs promoted the growth and nutraceutical qualities of onion bulbs, T. album pretreatment showed better effects than that of B. megaterium in the field settings. Based on the morphophysiological attributes and biochemical properties, a low dose (2.0 g L−1) was more effective than a high dose (4.0 g L−1) of T. album in promoting onion growth. Overall, the current research findings imply that T. album might be a potential MB in improving growth and quality attributes, and hence the productivity of onion cultivars under field circumstances.Item Exploring the Phenotypic and Genetic Variabilities in Yield and Yield-Related Traits of the Diallel-Crossed F5 Population of Aus Rice(2023) Khan, Md Arifur Rahman (TTU); Mahmud, Apple; Ghosh, Uttam Kumar; Hossain, Md Saddam; Siddiqui, Md Nurealam; Islam, A. K.M.Aminul; Anik, Touhidur Rahman (TTU); Rahman, Md Mezanur (TTU); Sharma, Anket (TTU); Abdelrahman, Mostafa (TTU); Ha, Chien Van (TTU); Mostofa, Mohammad Golam; Tran, Lam Son Phan (TTU)Rice (Oryza sativa) is a major crop and a main food for a major part of the global population. Rice species have derived from divergent agro-climatic regions, and thus, the local germplasm has a large genetic diversity. This study investigated the relationship between phenotypic and genetic variabilities of yield and yield-associated traits in Aus rice to identify short-duration, high-yielding genotypes. Targeting this issue, a field experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of 51 Aus rice genotypes, including 50 accessions in F5 generation and one short-duration check variety BINAdhan-19. The genotypes exhibited a large and significant variation in yield and its associated traits, as evidenced by a wide range of their coefficient of variance. The investigated traits, including days to maturity (DM), plant height (PH), panicle length (PL) and 1000-grain weight (TW) exhibited a greater genotypic coefficient of variation than the environmental coefficient of variation. In addition, the high broad-sense heritability of DM, PH, PL and TW traits suggests that the genetic factors significantly influence the observed variations in these traits among the F5 Aus rice accessions. This study also revealed that the grain yield per hill (GY) displayed a significant positive correlation with PL, number of filled grains per panicle (FG) and TW at both genotype and phenotype levels. According to the hierarchical and K-means cluster analyses, the accessions BU-R-ACC-02, BU-R-ACC-08 and R2-36-3-1-1 have shorter DM and relatively higher GY than other Aus rice accessions. These three accessions could be employed in the ongoing and future breeding programs for the improvement of short-duration and high-yielding rice cultivars.Item Genome-wide characterization of the glutathione S-transferase gene family in Phaseolus vulgaris reveals insight into the roles of their members in responses to multiple abiotic stresses(2024) Anik, Touhidur Rahman (TTU); Chu, Ha Duc; Ahmed, Md Shahabuddin; Van Ha, Chien (TTU); Gangurde, Sunil S.; Khan, Md Arifur Rahman (TTU); Le, Thao Duc; Le, Dung Tien; Abdelrahman, Mostafa (TTU); Tran, Lam Son Phan (TTU)Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a class of multifunctional enzymatic antioxidants that play a significant role in several aspects of plant physiology, including growth, development, and cellular protection from biotic and abiotic stressors. A total of 59 GST genes were found in Phaseolus vulgaris genome, which were categorized into 11 distinct classes according to their evolutionary connection and the existence of conserved structural domains and motifs. Gene duplication analysis revealed that the evolution of the members of the GST gene family in P. vulgaris was driven by both segmental and tandem duplication events. Analysis of the expression profiles of identified PvGST genes using the available transcriptome data demonstrated notable expression patterns and organ specificity of many genes throughout several developmental stages and under drought or salinity. Subsequent RT-qPCR analysis of several drought-responsive or salinity-responsive candidate genes showed that PvGSTF4 was up-regulated solely by drought, PvGSTU11 was up-regulated only by salinity, and PvGSTU3, PvGSTU12, PvGSTU13, PvGSTU14, PvGSTU16, PvGSTT1, and PvGSTZ2 were up-regulated by both salt and drought. The up-regulated PvGSTs under drought and/or salinity might enable P. vulgaris to adapt to stressful environments. These candidate genes could be explored in genetic engineering programs for development of stress-tolerant P. vulgaris varieties.Item Zn Supplementation Mitigates Drought Effects on Cotton by Improving Photosynthetic Performance and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms(2023) Anik, Touhidur Rahman (TTU); Mostofa, Mohammad Golam; Rahman, Md Mezanur (TTU); Khan, Md Arifur Rahman; Ghosh, Protik Kumar; Sultana, Sharmin; Das, Ashim Kumar; Hossain, Md Saddam; Keya, Sanjida Sultana (TTU); Rahman, Md Abiar; Jahan, Nusrat; Gupta, Aarti (TTU); Tran, Lam Son Phan (TTU)Drought is recognized as a paramount threat to sustainable agricultural productivity. This threat has grown more severe in the age of global climate change. As a result, finding a long-term solution to increase plants’ tolerance to drought stress has been a key research focus. Applications of chemicals such as zinc (Zn) may provide a simpler, less time-consuming, and effective technique for boosting the plant’s resilience to drought. The present study gathers persuasive evidence on the potential roles of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4·7H2O; 1.0 g Kg−1 soil) and zinc oxide (ZnO; 1.0 g Kg−1 soil) in promoting tolerance of cotton plants exposed to drought at the first square stage, by exploring various physiological, morphological, and biochemical features. Soil supplementation of ZnSO4 or ZnO to cotton plants improved their shoot biomass, root dry weight, leaf area, photosynthetic performance, and water-use efficiency under drought stress. Zn application further reduced the drought-induced accumulations of H2O2 and malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage in stressed plants. Antioxidant assays revealed that Zn supplements, particularly ZnSO4, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by increasing the activities of a range of ROS quenchers, such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and guaiacol peroxidase, to protect the plants against ROS-induced oxidative damage during drought stress. Increased leaf relative water contents along with increased water-soluble protein contents may indicate the role of Zn in improving the plant’s water status under water-deficient conditions. The results of the current study also suggested that, in general, ZnSO4 supplementation more effectively increased cotton drought tolerance than ZnO supplementation, thereby suggesting ZnSO4 as a potential chemical to curtail drought-induced detrimental effects in water-limited soil conditions.