Browsing by Author "Casper, Stephanie"
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Item Contingency operations on the Deep Space Gateway: Approaches, and Considerations to Orbiting Platforms for Deep Space Exploration(2020 International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2020-07-31) Zuniga, David; Sturtz, Rachel; Sargusingh, Miriam; Casper, Stephanie; Tressler, ChadDeep space architectures present several challenges for mission planners that range from orbital trajectories, to logistics resupply. Given the maturity and knowledge gained in the development of space systems up to the present, mission planning for nominal scenarios is almost a given. However, planning for contingencies allows mission designers, and programs to assess stress in system design early. With Deep Space Gateway (DSG) having undergone requirement definition - the environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS) have been drawn into the spotlight via assessment of these contingency scenarios. While pursuing nominal mission design, the Artemis ECLSS team identified several contingency scenarios where limits on system architecture, and cross platform design and integration have been discovered. DSG’s architecture for the 2024 boots on the moon mission (BOTM) utilizes Orion’s ECLSS as a means to implement Gateway’s BOTM functions. After evaluation of the contingency Concept of Operations (ConOps) for this architecture, gaps in functionality for removing trace gases, controlling CO2, and heat exchange were discovered. Additional analysis of contingency scenarios for a fully assembled DSG also reveals stresses in the design, and provides the design architects with more tools for developing a robust design. This paper will focus on the analysis techniques used to reveal gaps in contingencies and discussion on a few key cases that may lead to a change in system design, and benefits acquired from early evaluation of contingency scenarios.Item Orion Portable Fire Extinguisher Performance Testing against a Laptop Lithiom-Ion Battery Stored Energy Fire - Method, Magnesium Fires, & Combustion By-product Toxicity(48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2018-07-08) Harper, Susana; Juarez, Alfredo; Woods, Brenton; Beeson, Harold; Coan-Skow, Mary Rachel; Nagel, Christopher; Casper, Stephanie; Tarver, SterlingAs part of the qualification of the International Space Station (ISS) Fine Water Mist (FWM) Portable Fire Extinguisher (PFE) several test methods were developed to determine against stored energy sources. The most challenging of these devised stored energy fire test methods proved to be the Li-Ion battery fire test scenario. The intended use of new water based PFE technology on the Orion Crew capsule spurred the need for the same type of evaluation focused on the sources of stored energy slated for use on Orion. Laptops were identified as a realistic potential source for potential stored energy fires requiring a modified li-ion battery fire test scenario. In addition to open test cell (ambient oxygen concentration) testing to evaluate new proposed PFE performance, sealed chamber (20.9 & elevated oxygen concentration) testing was also performed. Chamber testing included combustion product sampling at various fire progression points for analysis and application to Orion emergency equipment design and response planning. Fire extinguisher stored energy fire test methodology was modified and testing performed. Initial tests indicated ignition of the magnesium cases was possible and further testing was performed to assess the damage potential of the new risk as well as the use of new Water Spray PFE as a means to combat this type of fire. The new Water Spray PFE technology proved effective in extinguishing laptop stored energy fires and much was learned in the way these types of fires progressed., Findings indicate potential Mg ignition mitigation strategies to be further investigated.