Browsing by Author "Gaboun, Fatima"
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Item Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of Moroccan date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) using SSR and DAMD molecular markers(2023) Ibrahimi, Maha; Brhadda, Najiba; Ziri, Rabea; Fokar, Mohamed (TTU); Iraqi, Driss; Gaboun, Fatima; Labhilili, Mustapha; Habach, Aicha; Meziani, Reda; Elfadile, Jamal; Abdelwahd, Rabha; Diria, GhizlaneBackground: Date palm, oasis pivot, plays a vital socio-economic part in the southern area of Morocco. However, with climate change and drought intensity and frequency increasing, the Moroccan palm grove is threatened with significant genetic degradation. Genetic characterization of this resource is key element for the development of effective conservation and management strategies in the current circumstances of climate change and various biotic and abiotic stresses. To evaluate the genetic diversity of date palm populations collected from different Moroccan oases, we used simple sequence repeats (SSR) and directed amplification of mini-satellite DNA (DAMD) markers. Our results showed that used markers could efficiently assess genetic diversity in Phoenix dactylifera L. Results: A total of 249 and 471 bands were respectively scored for SSR and DAMD, of which 100% and 92.9% were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.95), generated by the SSR primer was nearly identical to that generated by the DAMD primer (PIC = 0.98). The resolving power (Rp) was higher in DAMD than SSR (29.46 and 19.51, respectively). Analysis of the molecular variance (AMOVA) based on the combined data sets for both markers revealed a higher variance within populations (75%) than among populations (25%). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and the ascendant hierarchical classification showed that the population of Zagora and Goulmima regions were the closest populations. The STRUCTURE analysis clustering of the 283 tested samples into seven clusters based on their genetic composition. Conclusion: The results drawn from this study will orient genotypes selection strategies for a successful future breeding and conservation program, particularly under climate change context.Item Chromosome-scale assembly uncovers genomic compartmentation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, the causal agent of Bayoud disease in date palm(2023) Khayi, Slimane; Armitage, Andrew D.; Gaboun, Fatima; Meftah-kadmiri, Issam; Lahlali, Rachid; Fokar, Mohamed (TTU); Mentag, RachidDate palm (Phoenixdactylifera) is the most significant crop across North Africa and the Middle East. However, the crop faces a severe threat from Bayoud disease caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (FOA). FOA is a soil-borne fungus that infects the roots and vascular system of date palms, leading to widespread destruction of date palm plantations in North Africa over the last century. This is considered the most devastating pathogen of oasis agriculture in North Africa and responsible for loss of 13 million trees in Algeria and Morocco alone. In this study, we present a chromosome-scale high-quality genome assembly of the virulent isolate Foa 44, which provides valuable insights into understanding the genetic basis of Bayoud disease. The genome assembly consists of 11 chromosomes and 40 unplaced contigs, totalling 65,971,825 base pairs in size. It exhibits a GC ratio of 47.77% and a TE (transposable element) content of 17.30%. Through prediction and annotation, we identified 20,416 protein-coding genes. By combining gene and repeat densities analysis with alignment to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) 4287 isolate genome sequence, we determined the core and lineage-specific compartments in Foa 44, shedding light on the genome structure of this pathogen. Furthermore, a phylogenomic analysis based on the 3,292 BUSCOs core genome revealed a distinct clade of FOA isolates within the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC). Notably, the genealogies of the five identified Secreted In Xylem (SIX) genes (1, 6, 9, 11 and 14) in FOA displayed a polyphyletic pattern, suggesting a horizontal inheritance of these effectors. These findings provide a valuable genomics toolbox for further research aimed at combatting the serious biotic constraints posed by FOA to date palm. This will pave the way for a deeper understanding of Bayoud disease and facilitate the development of effective diagnostic tools and control measures.Item Draft genome sequence of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis strain foa 133, the causal agent of bayoud disease on date palm(2020) Khayi, Slimane; Khoulassa, Siham; Gaboun, Fatima; Abdelwahd, Rabha; Diria, Ghizlane; Labhilili, Mustapha; Iraqi, Driss; El Guilli, Mohammed; Fokar, Mohamed (TTU); Mentag, RachidFusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis is the causal agent of vascular wilt of date palm. Here, we report the genome assembly of the Foa 133 strain, which consists of 3,325 contigs with a total length of 56,228,901 bp, a GC content of 47.42%, an N50 value of 131,587 bp, and 3,684 predicted genes.Item Molecular Identification of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Moroccan Male Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat, Direct Amplification of Minisatellite DNA, and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers(2024) Ibrahimi, Maha; Brhadda, Najiba; Ziri, Rabea; Fokar, Mohamed (TTU); Amghar, Ilham; Gaboun, Fatima; Habach, Aicha; Meziani, Reda; Elfadile, Jamal; Abdelwahd, Rabha; Diria, GhizlaneUnderstanding genetic diversity and population structure plays a vital role in the efficient use of available material in plant-breeding programs and in germplasm conservation strategies. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the genetic variations and population structure of male date palms from Morocco. The genetic diversity of 100 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) genotypes was investigated using the performance of three types of molecular markers: inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), direct amplification of minisatellite DNA (DAMD), and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). On the basis of their polymorphic information content (PIC) (ISSRs = 0.38; DAMD = 0.4; SSRs = 0.33), effective multiplex ratio (EMR) (ISSRs = 27.34; DAMD = 52.31; SSRs = 22.20), Resolving power Rp (ISSR = 13.81; DAMD = 28.73; SSR = 14.6), and marker index (MI) (ISSRs = 9.22; DAMD = 20.23; SSRs = 7.54) values, all markers used in our study are considered informative markers. Among them, DAMD markers demonstrated slightly higher informativeness compared to ISSR and SSR markers. A total of 216, 438, and 248 bands were, respectively, detected using ISSRs, DAMD, and SSRs, with 95%, 98% and 94% of polymorphism, respectively. The AMOVA results revealed considerable diversity within date palms. The PCOa results showed that males of Tinghir and Errachidia were regrouped into the same cluster, while males of Goulmima were separated into another group. A cluster and structure analysis separated the studied genotypes into three groups. One group comprises genotypes of males from Zagora with some female varieties scattered in this group. The second group includes male genotypes from Goulmima along with accessions of female and male varieties. The third group contains males of Errachidia, Tata and Tinghir populations. The cluster and structure analysis separated the studied genotypes according to their origin.Item Moroccan Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) Fruits: Nutritional Value and Mineral Composition(2021) Ait Ihaj, Zakaria; Bchitou, Rahma; Gaboun, Fatima; Abdelwahd, Rabha; Benabdelouahab, Tarik; Kabbour, Mohammed Rachid; Pare, Paul (TTU); Diria, Ghizlane; Bakhy, KhadijaThe strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.), grown throughout the Mediterranean, produces edible fruit; as it is easily bruised, the sweet, reddish fruit is used mostly to prepare jams, marmalades and alcoholic beverages. As the genus is paraphyletic, phytochemical analysis can assist in defining the fruit composition with the species Arbutus unedo L. (A. unedo). Here we report on the carbohydrate, total sugar, protein, fat, fiber, ash, and mineral content of wild fruit, harvested from 45 specimens from five locations. The dominant nutrients were carbohydrates (78.2–84.8 g/100 g), total sugars (52.1–67.2 g/100 g) and dietary fiber (11.0–20.1 g/100 g). Other important nutrients supplied by A. unedo fruit include P, K, and Fe. The fruit was observed to contain health-promoting components providing 42 and 36%, of recommended daily allowance (RDA) for fiber and zinc, respectively, as well as iron and manganese, at levels exceeding minimum RDA. The free-sugar profile revealed high glucose followed by fructose content with minor amounts of sucrose (14, 11, and 6 g/100 g, respectively). Significant differences both between regions and within individuals were observed for several traits. The richness of fruit nutrients in A. unedo confers nutritional value and as such, a promising alternative fruit source.