Browsing by Author "Haeuplik-Meusburger, Sandra"
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Item Habitability and the Golden Rule of Space Architecture(51st International Conference on Environmental Systems, 7/10/2022) Bishop, Sheryl; Haeuplik-Meusburger, Sandra; Wise, James A.The social, psychological and also spatial significance of living in an extraterrestrial environment place demands not only on the type of persons who would be "best fit" to inhabit such environments but also on the living spaces that must be crafted to support human habitation in such environments. One of the critical characteristics for living and working in those environments "and thus mission success" is the dependency on the habitat, its technological capability as well as the capacity to counteract the stresses of a closed loop, extreme environment. Historically, such habitats have lacked all but the merest attention to such details with a focus primarily on surviving rather than thriving. This is changing and the built environment is slowly becoming an accepted important factor to ensure both physical and psychological wellbeing. The challenge for the design of off-Earth facilities is a permanent trade-off between the needs of resources and our technological capability. Designing for that kind of environments basically means making use of every possible item that you bring and bringing only what is absolutely necessary. Making Use of what you have or making do without is what we call "The Golden Rule of Space Architecture". This paper highlights relevant concepts of the term Habitability for isolated, confined and extreme (ICE) environments from the user perspective of available resources. Examples of enhancing social cohesion and reduction of stress literally "by design and built architecture" are discussed.Item Habitability Studies and Full Scale Simulation Research: Preliminary Themes Following HISEAS Mission IV(47th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2017-07-16) Haeuplik-Meusburger, Sandra; Binsted, Kim; Bassingthwaighte, TristanThe ‘Hawai'i Space Exploration Analog and Simulation’ (HI-SEAS) is a long duration Mars exploration analogue study run by the University of Hawaii at Manoa, funded by NASA. The first mission started in 2013. HI-SEAS mission IV included six crew-members, three male and three female. The mission began on 28 August 2015 and was scheduled to run for a year. HI-SEAS V began on January 19th, 2017 and is scheduled for 8 months. Research conducted during the missions includes research into food preparation and preferences, behavior, crew dynamics, group performance and other relevant issues for future missions to Mars and beyond, as well as our study on habitability. This paper introduces the continuing ‘HI-SEAS Habitability Study’, which systematically investigates the relationship between the built environment (habitat) and its inhabitants. The term habitability describes the physical suitability and subjective value of a built habitat for its inhabitants within a specific environment. Along with human factors, habitability is critical for the design of an inhabited confined and isolated environment and thus the well-being of the inhabitants. The study uses a mix of methodologies for data collection, including monthly questionnaires during the mission and post mission interviews. This paper introduces the topic of full scale simulation research and its relevance for habitability studies. Further, selected topics that emerged during the HI-SEAS mission IV are discussed in more detail. It is noteworthy that each isolated and confined environment (ICE) has its own limitations and strengths as an analogue environment for the development of future habitats. Therefore, this paper puts its findings into context with other relevant research in that field.Item Lunar Daytime: Behavioral Experiments in a Space Analog Living and Working Environment(2020 International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2020-07-31) Cohen, Marc M.; Barker, Donald C.; Bianco, Suzanna De Oliviera; Bishop, Sheryl; Gentile, Ronald; Haeuplik-Meusburger, Sandra; de Leon, Pablo; Wise, JamesThe Lunar Daytime concept addresses the challenge to behavioral scientists and architectural researchers in conducting research in space habitats or habitat analogs to produce scientifically valid results. Historically, researchers were limited to largely qualitative surveys. Instead, the Lunar Daytime (LDT) team will demonstrate the efficacy of a modifiable environmental habitat analog laboratory capable of producing empirical, measurable, and quantitative data sets. To measure effects on crew performance and crew behavioral responses as a dependent variable, researchers must be able to make and control changes in the physical living and working environment as an independent variable. Lunar Daytime refers to modeling an early human-tended lunar base. Because this surface mission depends on solar energy for power, which is available only during the lunar day, the time limit to the simulation is 14 days, but may run shorter. This LDT context provides the mission scenario to conduct these comparatively short-duration habitat analog studies. A benefit of two-week long simulations is that it becomes possible to conduct multiple test runs within the same time and budget that a much longer (i.e. Mars mission) scenario would require. The LDT team has conducted extensive studies of space vehicle and habitat design, done research in various analog habitats (e.g., MDRS, HERA, HI-SEAS, Concordia), and reviewed all existing space habitat analog facilities. Unfortunately, none of the current facilities allow for the degree of modification necessary to experimentally address the critical issues surrounding creation of the optimally built habitat. Major Objectives: 1) Create a space habitat analog research facility, specifically designed to accommodate desired modifications in the physical and perceptual living and working environment, and 2) Demonstrate the ability of such an environmental behavioral laboratory to simulate, investigate, and address critical factors that play important roles in human health and well-being in Isolated and confined environments (ICEs).Item The Bionomic Design and Mixed Reality as Passive Countermeasures in Terrestrial Analogs and Extraterrestrial Habitats(2020 International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2020-07-31) Bishop, Sheryl; Haeuplik-Meusburger, Sandra; Bannova, Olga; Camba, Jorge; Jurblum, Marc"Convergent research from architectural design, evolutionary psychology and human cognition suggests links between sensed structural patterns of the living environment and the functional efficacy and quality of life experienced by its occupants. A central ‘bionomic-design model’ proposes that ancient spatial and fractal structures of benign ancestral human environments still act as a template for processes which share control of our perception, memory, and emotions. Research shows that the biological fractal structure of the environment can build on innate perceptual, cognitive, emotional and psychosocial evolutionary affinities associated with creative thought, stress reduction, performance, and personal emotional management. First proposed by Taylor (2005), the premise that a pattern’s fractal dimension, rather than it’s naturalness, may be the determining factor for its impact on visual perception and stress-reduction suggests a biologically based ‘biofractal hypothesis’ of effects that offers both an integrative explanation and a countermeasure design strategy of significant power and flexibility where people are deprived of nature’s fractals such as those faced by long duration space crews. Studies have revealed the effectiveness of Mixed Reality (MR) technologies as a tool to improve psychological interventions and promote well-being. Dynamic unobtrusive virtual imagery allows alteration of the perception of real spaces, enhances the interior architecture, and introduces novelty while remaining passive and relatively autonomous. To test the efficacy and effectiveness of biofractals and MR technologies as passive countermeasures addressing the human research goals outlined by NASA and ESA, a program of research is being developed to evaluate psychological functioning related to stress management and adaptation to both terrestrial and extraterrestrial isolated confined environments while exposed to visual stimuli that incorporates biofractal properties in ranges considered to be optimal. Presentation and discussion of the various studies proposed is intended to stimulate interest and input into this emerging new focus in biophilic architectural design."Item What Do We Give Up and Leave Behind?(45th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2015-07-12) Cohen, Marc M.; Haeuplik-Meusburger, SandraNearly all habitability studies to date focus on defining what are the absolute minimum requirements to sustain human life, health (physical-only), and well-being. This inquiry asks the converse question in the negative: what will happen when a crew must give up so many of the familiar things, comforts, and personal associations that they take for granted? This essay begins with a review of minimalist humans to Mars mission concepts and their limitations. It applies the Crew Safety-Human Factors Interaction Model’s criteria for Critical Habitability. The analysis presents five examples of what the Mars crewmembers must give up and leave behind. It illustrates them through classical and impressionist paintings and other images: restricted diet, constant confinement, disconnection from the natural world, no separation of work and social life, no family life, and repetitive tasks.