Browsing by Author "Lakk, Hanna"
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Item Implementation of In-situ Resource Utilization for the Development of a Moon Village(51st International Conference on Environmental Systems, 7/10/2022) Arnhof, Marlies; Rich, Belinda; Lakk, Hanna; Makaya, Advenit; Cowley, Aidan; Petrov, Georgi I.; Inocente, Daniel; Koop, ColinIn-situ resource utilization (ISRU) is considered to be an essential element to enable the sustainability of future long-term exploration missions. Sustainable construction, operation and maintenance of a permanent human settlement will require the use of local resources, to gradually reduce the dependence on shipments from Earth and the associated mission cost and complexity. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM), in partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA) and faculty in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), are working on developing material and processes technologies that will be integrated into civil engineering and architectural applications for a permanent human settlement on the lunar surface. In this paper, we propose a gradual strategy for the development of the ISRU capabilities through the stages of the settlement�s evolution and describe the infrastructure required to support the volume of activities corresponding to the various development phases. The spatial layout of the ISRU elements is developed in coordination with the Moon Village masterplan, which is documented in earlier publications. Aspects which can benefit from ISRU include oxygen and water production for propellant and life support, construction and hardware elements, energy generation and storage, as well as re-use and recycling of materials brought from Earth. This proposed strategy highlights areas where technology development goals are identified which maximize opportunities for the implementation of ISRU in the context of a lunar settlement.Item Moon Village Reference Masterplan and Habitat Design(49th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2019-07-07) Petrov, Georgi; Inocente, Daniel; Haney, Max; Katz, Neil; Koop, Colin; Makaya, Advenit; Arnhof, Marlies; Lakk, Hanna; Cowley, Aidan; Haignere, Claudie; Messina, Piero; Sumini, Valentina; Hoffman, JeffreyThe concept of an international “Moon Village” introduced by the Director General of ESA, Jan Wörner, has been a catalyst for renewed interest in developing a permanent settlement on the Moon. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill is investigating together with the European Space Agency and faculty from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology concepts for the first permanent human settlement on the lunar surface. The European Space Agency is contributing expertise from their research and procurement facilities including ESTEC, the European Astronaut Centre and ESA HQ. This collaboration is strengthened by key input by faculty from the Aerospace Engineering Department at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, including a NASA Astronaut with human spaceflight experience. This collaboration aims to demonstrate the potential of an international private-public partnership to advance human space exploration through cross-disciplinary cooperation. The paper presents a holistic approach to planning of a lunar development, centering on the need for habitation systems, designed as adaptive space systems to enable an ecosystem of versatile surface operations. The designed multi-functional structural concepts are optimized for performance, safety, and utility, leverage emerging technologies including a combination of structural pressurized vessels, regolith structures for radiation shielding, and adaptive infrastructure planning. Located on the south pole near the “peaks of eternal light, the development maximizes In-Situ Resource Utilization (ice deposits and energy). Phasing strategies are explored for evaluating the evolutionary steps of the settlement to harness future ISRU-based construction activities.