Browsing by Author "Liang, Shuang"
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Item Giant Magnetoresistance Biosensors for Food Safety Applications(2022) Liang, Shuang; Sutham, Phanatchakorn; Wu, Kai (TTU); Mallikarjunan, Kumar; Wang, Jian-PingNowadays, the increasing number of foodborne disease outbreaks around the globe has aroused the wide attention of the food industry and regulators. During food production, processing, storage, and transportation, microorganisms may grow and secrete toxins as well as other harmful substances. These kinds of food contamination from microbiological and chemical sources can seriously endanger human health. The traditional detection methods such as cell culture and colony counting cannot meet the requirements of rapid detection due to some intrinsic shortcomings, such as being time-consuming, laborious, and requiring expensive instrumentation or a central laboratory. In the past decade, efforts have been made to develop rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use detection platforms for on-site food safety regulation. Herein, we review one type of promising biosensing platform that may revolutionize the current food surveillance approaches, the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) biosensors. Benefiting from the advances of nanotechnology, hundreds to thousands of GMR biosensors can be integrated into a fingernail-sized area, allowing the higher throughput screening of food samples at a lower cost. In addition, combined with on-chip microfluidic channels and filtration function, this type of GMR biosensing system can be fully automatic, and less operator training is required. Furthermore, the compact-sized GMR biosensor platforms could be further extended to related food contamination and the field screening of other pathogen targets.Item Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 and Future Epidemics(2023) Yari, Parsa (TTU); Liang, Shuang; Chugh, Vinit Kumar; Razaei, Bahareh (TTU); Mostufa, Shahriar (TTU); Krishna, Venkatramana Divana; Saha, Renata; Cheeran, Maxim C. J. (TTU); Wang, Jian-Ping (TTU); Gómez-Pastora, Jenifer (TTU); Wu, Kai (TTU)The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put enormous pressure on global healthcare and economic systems. The cause of this pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus belonging to the beta family of coronaviruses. This highly contagious virus mainly spread through droplet transmission and contact transmission. People who are infected can release droplets and aerosol particles that contain the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the air when they exhale, cough, or sneeze. The droplets or aerosol particles of different sizes (from visible to microscopic) will continue to spread in the air or land on subjects. Healthy people may catch the virus via inhalation of aerosol particles from the air, or through the contact with contaminated surfaces before touching their nose, eyes, or mouth. Besides the direct droplet and contact transmissions, other viral transmission routes are also reported, such as spatter (e.g., blood spatter, spatter during intubation, etc.), fecal-eye transmission, nasal-eye transmission, mouth-eye transmission (through contaminated hands or objects) and the transmission of eye secretions and tears. In addition to its strong transmission power, SARS-CoV-2 can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, coagulation dysfunction, intestinal dysfunction, and other clinical symptoms post-infection. Many people infected with COVID-19 display light symptoms like the common cold and influenza, and in some cases they are asymptomatic. Nevertheless, these asymptomatic carriers can still transmit SARS-CoV- 2, making the prevention of COVID-19 infection a major challenge in the world. In view of this, implementing fast, low-cost, accurate, easy-to-access, and integrated diagnostic devices available at the point of care (POC) is paramount to contain not only COVID-19, but also to cope with future epidemics.Item Quantitative analysis of membrane fouling mechanisms involved in microfiltration of humic acid-protein mixtures at different solution conditions(2018) Sun, Chunyi; Zhang, Na; Li, Fazhan; Ke, Guoyi; Song, Lianfa (TTU); Liu, Xiaoqian; Liang, ShuangA systematical quantitative understanding of different mechanisms, though of fundamental importance for better fouling control, is still unavailable for the microfiltration (MF) of humic acid (HA) and protein mixtures. Based on extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (xDLVO) theory, the major fouling mechanisms, i.e., Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW), electrostatic (EL), and acid-base (AB) interactions, were for the first time quantitatively analyzed for model HA-bovine serum albumin (BSA) mixtures at different solution conditions. Results indicated that the pH, ionic strength, and calcium ion concentration of the solution significantly affected the physicochemical properties and the interaction energy between the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and HA-BSA mixtures. The free energy of cohesion of the HA-BSA mixtures was minimum at pH = 3.0, ionic strength = 100 mM, and c(Ca2+) = 1.0 mM. The AB interaction energy was a key contributor to the total interaction energy when the separation distance between the membrane surface and HA-BSA mixtures was less than 3 nm, while the influence of EL interaction energy was of less importance to the total interaction energy. The attractive interaction energies of membrane-foulant and foulant-foulant increased at low pH, high ionic strength, and calcium ion concentration, thus aggravating membrane fouling, which was supported by the fouling experimental results. The obtained findings would provide valuable insights for the quantitative understanding of membrane fouling mechanisms of mixed organics during MF.Item Static and Dynamic Magnetization Responses of Self-Assembled Magnetic Nanoparticle Chains(2023) Chugh, Vinit Kumar; Liang, Shuang; Tonini, Denis; Saha, Renata; Liu, Jinming; Yari, Parsa (TTU); Krishna, Venkatramana D.; Cheeran, Maxim C-J; Wu, Kai (TTU); Wang, Jian-PingThe dynamic magnetization responses of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) subjected to alternating magnetic fields have been exploited for many biomedical applications, such as hyperthermia therapy, magnetic biosensing, and imaging. This dynamic process is governed by the combined Brownian and Néel relaxations via various energy terms. Both extrinsic factors, such as external alternating fields, dipolar fields, and the properties of the MNP medium, and intrinsic factors, such as the shape, size, and the magnetic properties of the MNPs, can affect their dynamic magnetization responses. However, due to the complex energy terms and interparticle interactions involved, it can be challenging to characterize how each factor influences the dynamic magnetization responses. In this study, we systematically examined the static and dynamic magnetization responses of an ensemble of MNPs. By solidifying the MNP suspension under a fixation field, the immobilized MNPs form long chains, and their easy axes are artificially tuned. In this simplified model, factors such as relative orientations of MNPs’ easy axes to the external field and the dipolar interactions of MNPs are studied. Using a magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) platform, the time domain dynamic magnetization responses, dynamic hysteresis loops, high harmonics (which are of interest for MPS and magnetic particle imaging applications), and phase lag of MNPs’ magnetizations to external fields were recorded. A strong correlation between the phase lag of MNPs and the nonlinearity in AC magnetization loops was established.