Browsing by Author "Malone, Charles"
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Item Calibration and Performance of the Spacecraft Atmosphere Monitor, an Air Constituent Monitor for Human Spaceflight(2023 International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2023-07-16) Darrach, Murray; Bae, Byunghoon; Fu, Dejian; Garkanian, Vachik; Homer, Margie; Kidd, Richard; Jung-Kubiak, Cecile; Kraus, Hannes; Maiwald, Frank; Madzunkov, Stojan; Malone, Charles; Nikolic, Dragan; Rais-Zadeh, Mina; Simcic, Jurij; Tillmans, Tina; Zhong, FangThe Spacecraft Atmosphere Monitor (S.A.M.) is a miniaturized gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC/MS) instrument for monitoring the cabin atmosphere for human spaceflight missions. The first Technology Demonstration Unit (TDU1) operated successfully aboard the International Space Station (ISS) from August 2019 to July 2021. The second unit, TDU2, will be delivered to ISS in 2023. While on-station, TDU2 will continuously monitor the major atmospheric constituents and, on command, perform analysis of the cabin atmosphere for trace organic volatiles. The S.A.M. TDU2 uses the same quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QITMS) sensor as in TDU1, but includes a MEMS preconcentrator, gas chromatograph, and microvalve system. Its miniature, ruggedized form factor allows the S.A.M. to be aisle-deployed to monitor the cabin in different locations and during activities such as exercise and sleep.Item Developmental Hardware Testing Results and Forward Plans for the Spacecraft Water Impurity Monitor (SWIM) Organic Water Module (OWM)(2024 International Conference on Environmnetal Systems, 2024-07-21) Neidholdt, Evan L.; Pensinger, Stuart; Callahan, Michael; Madzunkov, Stojan; Nikolic, Dragan; Malone, Charles; Darrach,MurrayWe present testing results for developmental hardware of the Spacecraft Water Impurity Monitor (SWIM) Organic Water Module (OWM). SWIM-OWM will monitor spacecraft potable water and system water for trace organic contaminants. The system will detect and identify the specific organic chemical that makes up a given total organic carbon reading. We have built a first development unit (1DU) for SWIM-OWM, which directly injects aqueous water samples and detects chemicals with both a thermal conductivity detector and mass spectrometer sensor. The gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS) system that comprises SWIM-OWM draws on the success of ISS-proven mass spectrometer hardware, and the demonstration of GCMS detection of trace organic contaminants in ISS cabin air. SWIM-OWM benefits from the excellent sensitivity and specificity afforded by GCMS. We have demonstrated detection of a set of chemicals relevant to both crew health and performance as well as system monitoring; these target chemicals range from light, volatile organics such as acetone and ethanol, to heavier, very non-volatile compounds such as dimethyl sulfone and o-phthalaldehyde. Direct aqueous injection was chosen for the general applicability of the technique to clean water sampling and to preclude sample pre-processing, which facilitates an on-line implementation of the SWIM-OWM when deployed in a spacecraft or habitation module. A specific advantage of direct aqueous injection when coupled with appropriate methods is that both the light, volatile organics and heavier non-volatiles can be detected from a single injection, in a single chromatogram. Results from 1DU testing will be discussed, and forward plans will be outlined for continued maturation of SWIM-OWM with the goal of implementing a technology demonstration for the purposes of maturing the engineering design and operations in an environment relevant to NASA�s future goals of exploring and setting up habitation on the Moon and Mars.Item Status and Results of the Spacecraft Atmosphere Monitor Technology Demonstration Instrument(51st International Conference on Environmental Systems, 7/10/2022) Darrach, Murray; Madzunkov, Stojan; Bae, Byunghoon; Kidd, Richard; Maiwald, Frank; Malone, Charles; Nikolic, Dragan; Belousov, Anton; Zhong, Fang; Simcic, Jurij; Homer, Margie; Gonzales, Marianne; Garkanian, Vachik; Lopez, Valeria; Jung-Kubiak, Cecile; Rais-Zadeh, Mina; Krause, Hannes; Tillmans, TinaThe Spacecraft Atmosphere Monitor (S.A.M.) is a miniaturized gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC/MS) instrument that is being developed for monitoring the cabin atmosphere for human spaceflight missions. The first Technology Demonstration Unit (TDU1) operated successfully aboard the International Space Station (ISS) from August 2019 to July 2021, exceeding its 1 year planned operational lifetime. The TDU1 continuously monitored the ISS cabin atmosphere for the major constituents. In June 2020 the TDU1 was also reconfigured at the request of the ISS vehicle office and successfully determined that there was no benzene leaking into the ISS atmosphere. The technology demonstration unit #2 (TDU2) is scheduled to be deployed on the ISS in 2022. While on-station, TDU2 will continuously monitor the major atmospheric constituents as well as trace organic volatiles. The S.A.M. TDU2 uses the same quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QITMS) sensor as in TDU1, but includes a MEMS preconcentrator, gas chromatograph, and microvalve system. Its miniature, ruggedized form factor allows the S.A.M. to be aisle-deployed to monitor the cabin in different locations and during activities such as exercise and sleep. The operational performance of TDU1 and the current status of TDU2 will be discussed.Item Update on the Spacecraft Atmosphere Monitor Technology Demonstration Project(2020 International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2020-07-31) Darrach, Murray; Madzunkov, Stojan; Kidd, Richard; Bae, Byunghoon; Zhong, Fang; Simcic, Jurij; Malone, Charles; Belousov, Anton; Belousov, Anton; Maiwald, Frank; Gonzales, Marianne; Homer, Margie; Diaz, Ernesto; Moore, Bradley; Nikolic, Dragan; Purcell, Richard; Oyake, Amalaye; Tillmans, Tina; Reichenbach, KelseyWe report on the scientific and engineering progress for the second technology demonstration unit (TDU2) of the Spacecraft Atmosphere Monitor (S.A.M.). The S.A.M. TDU2 is a compact gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) for monitoring both the trace volatile organics and the major constituents in the astronaut cabin atmosphere. Progress on the micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) gas chromatograph is detailed, showing sensitivity and selectivity of the TDU2 analytical measurements. The TDU2 capabilities for monitoring the cabin air major constituents is also detailed, highlighting improvements from the first S.A.M. TDU instrument.