Browsing by Author "Manney, Joshua"
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Item Preparation of the Multi-Gas Monitor for US Navy Submarine Sea Trial(47th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2017-07-16) Mudgett, Paul; Manney, Joshua; Smith, Matthew; O'Connor, Sara Jane; Pilgrim, Jeffrey S.During a successful 2 year technology demonstration of the tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) based Multi-Gas Monitor (MGM) on the International Space Station (ISS), we began discussing with the US Navy the possibility of conducting a sea trial of an MGM on a submarine. The sea trial would also include a gas chromatography/differential mobility spectrometer based Air Quality Monitor (AQM), which is used operationally on ISS for volatile organic compound analysis. AQM results will be the subject of a separate paper. The Navy’s interest in testing NASA equipment is in a planned update to the environmental monitoring equipment used aboard submarines. NASA’s goal is studying submarines as closed environment analogs to spacecraft. MGM’s core technology was developed by Vista Photonics Inc using Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grants and expanded for various applications using NASA program funding. The MGM measures oxygen, carbon dioxide, ammonia and water vapor in ambient air, displays concentrations with temperature and pressure, and stores 30 second moving averages. The sea trial involves collocating the instrument with the Central Atmosphere Monitoring System (CAMS) of the submarine, connecting it to rack power prior to departure, and letting it run during the entire sea trial of a few months duration. All data is stored within MGM, with no connection to the vessel data bus. Crew intervention is limited to checking MGM periodically to see that it is working and power cycling if necessary. After the trial is over, the unit with its data will be retrieved. Post sea trial calibration check and data analysis are planned and results will be compared with both CAMS data and results from MGM’s ISS technology demonstration. The paper discusses calibration and preparation of an MGM for the sea trial.Item Preparation of the NASA Air Quality Monitor For A U.S. Navy Submarine Sea Trial(47th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2017-07-16) Limero, Thomas; Wallace, William; Manney, Joshua; Smith, Matthew; O'Connor, Sara Jane; Mudgett, PaulFor the past 4 years, the Air Quality Monitor (AQM) has been the operational instrument for measuring trace volatile organic compounds on the International Space Station (ISS). The key components of the AQM are the inlet preconcentrator, the gas chromatograph (GC), and the differential mobility spectrometer. Onboard ISS there are 2 AQMs, with different GC columns that detect and quantify 22 compounds. The AQM data contribute valuable information to the assessment of air quality aboard ISS for each crew increment. The U.S. Navy is looking to update its submarine air monitoring suite of instruments and the success of the AQM on ISS has led to a jointly planned submarine sea trial of a NASA AQM. In addition to the AQM, the Navy is also interested in the Multi-Gas Monitor (MGM), which measures major constituent gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ammonia). A separate paper will present the MGM sea trial results. A prototype AQM, which is virtually identical to the operational AQM, has been readied for the sea trial. Only 1 AQM will be deployed during the sea trial, but it is sufficient to detect the compounds of interest to the Navy for the purposes of this trial. The data from the sea trial will be compared to archival samples collected before and during the trial period. This paper will give a brief overview of the AQM technology and protocols for the submarine trial. After a quick review of the AQM preparation, the main focus of the paper will be on the results of the submarine trial. Of particular interest will be the comparison of the contaminants found in the ISS and submarine atmospheres, as both represent closed environments. In U.K. submarine trials in the early 2000s, the submarine and ISS atmospheres were found to be remarkably similar.Item Preparations for 2nd US Navy Submarine Sea Trial Utilizing NASA and US Navy Analyzers(51st International Conference on Environmental Systems, 7/10/2022) Manney, Joshua; Smith, Jay; Mudgett, Paul; Pilgrim, Jeffrey; Bowman, JoshuaIn 2017, a team consisting of representatives from the US Navy, NASA and industry conducted the testing of two NASA-developed analyzers onboard a submarine, fostering a mutually beneficial relationship and the successful transition of analyzing technologies between very similar closed-atmospheric environments. The first NASA-developed analyzer was the tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS)-based Multi-Gas Monitor (MGM) mainly monitoring life gases, and the second was a gas chromatography/differential mobility spectrometer-based Air Quality Monitor (AQM) observing select volatile organic compounds. Both of these analyzers had previously been deployed on the International Space Station (ISS) with proven success of long-term operation in a closed atmosphere. The Navy remains interested in performing recurring evaluations of alternative atmospheric monitoring equipment and technologies to maintain and improve onboard submarine atmospheric monitoring. Furthermore, the performance of this sea trail supports NASA�s goal of studying submarines as closed environment analogs to spacecraft. Preparations for the second sea trial on a Navy submarine are ongoing and strongly leverage technologies in development under an existing US Navy Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant. The following technologies are presently under consideration: cavity ringdown spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, tunable laser absorption spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Additionally, discussions with NASA continue concerning incorporation of a successor to the MGM, and a modified AQM based on the findings of the initial sea trial. During the sea trial, the selected analyzers will sample from the same locations as existing onboard atmospheric equipment for comparison purposes and will be operated continuously for a duration of months with little crew intervention beyond ensuring operation. This paper will provide an overview of the decision-making behind the technologies selected, the preparations for the sea trail and results, and comparisons of the data recovered from the analyzers, if full execution can occur prior to submittal of the paper.Item Results from the U.S. Navy Submarine Sea Trial of the NASA Air Quality Monitor(48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2018-07-08) Limero, Thomas; Wallace, William; Manney, Joshua; Smith, Matthew; O'Connor, Sara Jane; Mudgett, PaulFor the past 4 years, the Air Quality Monitor (AQM) has been the operational instrument for measuring trace volatile organic compounds on the International Space Station (ISS). The key components of the AQM are the inlet preconcentrator, the gas chromatograph (GC), and the differential mobility spectrometer. On board the ISS are two AQMs with different GC columns that detect and quantify 22 compounds. The AQM data contributes valuable information to the assessment of air quality aboard the ISS for crew health. The U.S. Navy is looking to update its suite of instruments for air monitoring aboard submarines, and the success of the AQM on the ISS has led to a jointly planned submarine sea trial of a NASA AQM. In addition to the AQM, the Navy is also interested in the Multi-Gas Monitor (MGM), which measures major constituent gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ammonia). A separate paper will present the MGM sea trial preparation and the analysis of the most recent ISS data. A prototype AQM, which is virtually identical to the operational AQM, has been readied for the sea trial. Only 1 AQM will be deployed during the sea trial, but this is sufficient for NASA purposes and to detect the compounds of interest to the U.S. Navy for this trial. The data from the sea trial will be compared to data from archival samples collected before, during, and after the trial period. A brief overview of the AQM technology and preparation for the submarine trial will be presented. The majority of the presentation will focus on the AQM performance during the trial with comparison of AQM and archival data before, during, and after the submarine trial.Item US Navy Submarine Sea Trial of a NASA developed Multi-Gas Monitor(48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2018-07-08) Mudgett, Paul; Manney, Joshua; Smith, Matthew; Neal, Sara Jane; Pilgrim, JeffreyA Multi-Gas Monitor (MGM) was tested aboard a nuclear submarine during a routine 76 day patrol. NASA’s goal is to study submarines as closed environment analogs to spacecraft and to share development successes with other US government agencies. MGM’s core tunable diode laser spectroscopy technology was developed by Vista Photonics Inc, using Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grants and expanded for various spacecraft monitoring applications using NASA program funding. The MGM measures oxygen, carbon dioxide, ammonia and water vapor in ambient air, displays concentrations with temperature and pressure, and stores 30 second moving averages. The sea trial involved locating MGM in a well ventilated area, connecting it to ship power prior to departure, and allowing it run automatically during the entire patrol. Data was stored within MGM for later retrieval. Crew intervention was limited to checking MGM’s display periodically to verify operation. Several weeks after the vessel returned to port, the MGM with its data was retrieved. The paper describes the results of the successful sea trial, comparing MGM data with both Central Atmosphere Monitoring System (CAMS) data and typical International Space Station (ISS) atmosphere ranges measured by a similar MGM during a recent space flight technology demonstration