Browsing by Author "Petrov, Georgi"
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Item A Framework for Spacecraft Information Modeling(48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2018-07-08) Levy, François; Petrov, Georgi; Cohen, Marc; Fox, MichaelThis paper brings our space architects’ perspective to applying Building Information Modeling (BIM) to the design of crewed spacecraft and space habitats. We examine mature BIM’s contributions to terrestrial architectural and engineering design, and the applicability of BIM lessons learned to spacecraft design that might inform a Spacecraft Information Modeling (ScIM) framework. We suggest specific instances in which BIM frameworks such as Levels of Development (LOD), Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), and Construction Operation Building Information Exchange (COBIE) may be applied to human spacecraft design. We undertake an organizational study of the relevant SciM framework and taxonomies to enable greater crewed spacecraft design efficiencies and optimization for risk mitigation, mass and mission cost. Such a framework considers semantic object classification and relationships by location, typology, function, and material. As a proposed design methodology, a ScIM solution for human spacecraft design integrates the life support system with other spacecraft systems: primary and secondary structure, non-structural elements, spacecraft utilities, and architectural specialties. The authors consider an example of a previously-design spacecraft and map it onto a ScIM framework, concluding with suggestions for further research in bringing BIM-like design processes to crewed spacecraft design.Item Mars Manufacturing Settlement(50th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 7/12/2021) Mackenzie, Bruce; Lutz, Kolemann; Petrov, Georgi; Leahy, Bart; Feldman, StuartEnvisioning a future Mars city and manufacturing center as if it were already built, this paper describes Leominster, a settlement accommodating several hundred people. The paper defines the potential manufacturing systems, technologies, and economic value of a Mars settlement. It also addresses the challenges of safety, pressure, temperature and radiation, which are often ignored in other designs. Novel architectural systems involved in Leominster�s design include: regolith-based masonry, bricks, fiberglass, and ceramics made with a solar furnace. The settlement also uses cement, metals, regolith for shielding, and SpaceX Starships or similar landing craft in its construction. A new aspect of the design is a spacious park with the canopy tied down with cables, resembling a cathedral, as an answer to the hard-to-build domes of other designs. Some of the architectural elements are borrowed from previous Mars Foundation designs. There is significant reliance on plastics and carbon-based materials for polymer membranes, plastics, food, fuel, fabrics, and even fungi-mycelium-based furnishings. Such a Mars manufacturing settlement could demonstrate economical construction and living methods beyond the Earth. This could lead to economic development and spreading of life throughout the solar system.Item Moon Village Reference Masterplan and Habitat Design(49th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2019-07-07) Petrov, Georgi; Inocente, Daniel; Haney, Max; Katz, Neil; Koop, Colin; Makaya, Advenit; Arnhof, Marlies; Lakk, Hanna; Cowley, Aidan; Haignere, Claudie; Messina, Piero; Sumini, Valentina; Hoffman, JeffreyThe concept of an international “Moon Village” introduced by the Director General of ESA, Jan Wörner, has been a catalyst for renewed interest in developing a permanent settlement on the Moon. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill is investigating together with the European Space Agency and faculty from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology concepts for the first permanent human settlement on the lunar surface. The European Space Agency is contributing expertise from their research and procurement facilities including ESTEC, the European Astronaut Centre and ESA HQ. This collaboration is strengthened by key input by faculty from the Aerospace Engineering Department at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, including a NASA Astronaut with human spaceflight experience. This collaboration aims to demonstrate the potential of an international private-public partnership to advance human space exploration through cross-disciplinary cooperation. The paper presents a holistic approach to planning of a lunar development, centering on the need for habitation systems, designed as adaptive space systems to enable an ecosystem of versatile surface operations. The designed multi-functional structural concepts are optimized for performance, safety, and utility, leverage emerging technologies including a combination of structural pressurized vessels, regolith structures for radiation shielding, and adaptive infrastructure planning. Located on the south pole near the “peaks of eternal light, the development maximizes In-Situ Resource Utilization (ice deposits and energy). Phasing strategies are explored for evaluating the evolutionary steps of the settlement to harness future ISRU-based construction activities.Item Optimization of a Lunar Airlock(50th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 7/12/2021) L�vy, Fran�ois; Petrov, GeorgiUnlike the Apollo-era sorties, proposed crewed lunar exploration in the coming years�notably, but not limited to, NASA�s Artemis program and ESA�s Moon Village�are likely to take the form of long-duration missions at permanently or semi-permanently inhabited lunar installations. Given the well documented challenge of regolith contamination of any lunar habitats, and the imperative to conserve consumable resources, Apollo-style surface EVAs that contaminate the habitat and fully vent the habitable volume are not sustainable. Consideration must therefore be given to the inclusion of airlocks for surface excursions. With the considerable mass penalties associated with the addition of an airlock to surface architectures, means of reducing mass and optimizing airlock volumes are required. Information-bearing digital modeling techniques enable the design and fabrication of increasingly complex structures with optimized non-orthogonal geometries. Such techniques potentially reduce structure mass while optimizing volumetric displacement and structural efficiency, with concomitant greater efficiency of ECLSS and power sizing and performance. Building on previous work such as the Surface Endoskeletal Inflatable Module (SEIM), a methodology is employed for lunar surface airlock design using 3D modeling techniques for geometry definition, coupled with bidirectional data between geometric design and analysis criteria. Such intelligent modeling allows for the rapid evaluation of the quality and efficacy of the stipulated airlock designs, in order to efficiently select�candidates out of a number of preliminary airlock shell geometries. A bicameral airlock design tailored to the lunar environment is proposed.