Browsing by Author "Russell, Scott A."
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Item Effects of Fungicides, Time of Application, and Application Method on Control of Sclerotinia Blight in Peanut(2015) Woodward, Jason E. (TTU); Russell, Scott A.; Baring, Michael R.; Cason, John M.; Baughman, Todd A.Field studies were conducted from 2007 to 2010 to evaluate the response of peanut cultivars to different fungicides, application timings, and methods. Overall, fungicides reduced Sclerotinia blight incidence and increased pod yields when applied to susceptible and partially resistant cultivars. Disease suppression was greater when full fungicide rates were applied preventatively; however, yields between fungicide treated plots were similar. Lower levels of disease and higher yields were achieved with the partially resistant cultivar Tamrun OL07 compared to the susceptible cultivars Flavor Runner 458 and Tamrun OL 02. Despite possessing improved resistance Tamrun OL07 responded to all fungicide applications. While similar levels of disease control were achieved with broadcast or banded applications made during the day or at night, the yield response for the different application methods was inconsistent among years. A negative relationship (slope = -73.8; R2 = 0.73; P < 0.01) was observed between final disease incidence ratings and yield data from studies where a fungicide response was observed. These studies suggest that both boscalid and fluazinam are effective at controlling Sclerotinia blight in peanuts. Alternative management strategies such as nighttime and banded applications could allow for lower fungicide rates to be used; however, additional studies are warranted.Item Fire ant dispersal along Texas highways(Texas Tech University, 1998-05) Russell, Scott A.All organisms require specific resources for growth and reproduction. Favorable environments lead to positive population growth and, eventually, to depletion of limited resources. This depletion creates the need for dispersal to relieve crowding and to provide access to new resources. Dispersal can, therefore, be for the purpose of locating necessary resources; e.g., food, mates, shelter, or oviposition sites. Price (1984) described populations as not just increasing or decreasing in numbers, but also moving from place to place and expanding and contracting. Dispersal is adaptive, permitting individuals to escape crowding and colonize new habitats. Organisms must be capable of dispersal to new habitats, and active dispersal requires energy to walk, swim, or fly to a new habitat Passive dispersal does not require energy but does require favorable environmental conditions (wind, water, host). Available habitats require that organisms have access to the habitats, and space or other resources must be available to the immigrant organism. However, the overall geographic range of an organism is seldom one continuum of habitat. Organisms tend to avoid unfavorable habitats; therefore, populations of some organisms may be found in clumps of favorable habitat but may be absent from the vast majority of its habitable range. Haas (1995) found that robins and tlirasbes, for example, traveled along wooded draws connecting planted windbrealcs as if the draws were stepping stones b>etween the windbreaks. The likelihood was greater that birds would disperse between habitats when habitats were connected by a wooded draw.