Browsing by Author "Semones, Edward"
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Item Comparing Trash Disposal to Use as Radiation Shielding for a Mars Transit Vehicle(47th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2017-07-16) Ewert, Michael; Broyan, James; Semones, Edward; Goodliff, Kandyce; Chai, Patrick; Singleterry, Robert; Abston, Lee; Clowdsley, Martha; Wittkopp, Charles; Vitullo, NicholasA round trip to Mars will require lots of supplies and will generate lots of trash. Mission studies and technology development are underway for this and other human space exploration missions, and what to do with the trash is more than a casual question. Supplies regularly come to the International Space Station in a variety of visiting vehicles, and trash leaves in the same way. Separate disposable logistics module(s) could also be used with a Mars transit vehicle, but there may be better options. The benefits of using logistics items such as food and other supplies have been recognized for solar radiation event shielding. To maintain this benefit throughout the mission, used logistics that become trash must also be used for shielding. This paper explores the competing benefits of trash disposal during the journey versus keeping the trash on board to maintain radiation shielding for the crew. Periodic disposal options include bulk jettison via an airlock and gas venting after a trash-to-gas process. If the trash is kept on board, it could simply be stored with considerations for control of odor and gas production. Alternatively, trash could be processed with heat melt compactor technology to create radiation shielding tiles from all eligible waste material. In addition to listing qualitative benefits for various options, such as reduced smell or littering, quantitative mission benefits are calculated. Disposal of trash prior to key points in the mission such as Mars orbit insertion and trans-Earth injection can save significant propellant. Alternatively, use of trash as radiation shielding could reduce the need to launch dedicated shielding materials and allow recovery of additional resources such as water. All options explored, except for storage of raw trash in the vehicle, also free up habitable volume.Item Comparison of Artemis I Radiation Measurements with Orion EFT-1 and ISS Data(2024 International Conference on Environmnetal Systems, 2024-07-21) Gaza, Ramona; Stoffle, Nicholas; Campbell-Ricketts, Thomas; George, Stuart; Semones, Edward; Dimapilis, DinahComparison of Artemis I Radiation Measurements with Orion EFT-1 and ISS Data Ramona Gaza, Ph.D. On behalf of the Space Radiation Analysis Group Leidos, Space Exploration and Mission Operations, Houston, TX 77058, USA Space Radiation Analysis Group, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA Corresponding author: ramona.gaza-1@nasa.gov The first major spaceflight of NASA's Artemis program to return humans to the Moon, the Artemis I uncrewed mission, has been flown successfully November 16 � December 11, 2022, for a total mission duration of 25.5 days. The Space Radiation Analysis Group (SRAG) at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) has provided a suit of passive radiation detectors and active instruments in support of multiple Artemis I Science Payloads. The same passive technology has been flying in support of the International Space Station (ISS) for more than 20 years and has been successfully flown on the NASA Orion�s Exploration Flight Test 1 (EFT-1) launched on December 5, 2014, with a duration of only 4.5 hours. The Orion EFT-1 trajectory included two orbits around the Moon with a high apogee which was different from the from the Artemis I distant retrograde orbit trajectory, resulting in a significant radiation exposure difference through the Van Allen belts. On ISS, the average daily dose is modulated by the 11-year solar cycle and solar minimum dose values will differ from solar maximum daily doses. This presentation will include an overview of the Artemis 1 science payloads radiation data in comparison with the Orion EFT-1 and ISS measurements.Item Radiation Operations: Lessons Learned from Artemis-I(2024 International Conference on Environmnetal Systems, 2024-07-21) Barzilla, Janet; Semones, Edward; Laramore, Diego; Johnson, A. Steve; Hu, Shaowen; Stoffle, Nicholas; Whitman, Kathryn; Egeland, Ricky; Mays, M. Leila; Collado-Vega, Yaireska; Quinn, PhilipFollowing the successful Artemis-I mission in late 2022, the Space Radiation Analysis Group (SRAG) at NASA/Johnson Space Center (JSC) has implemented lessons learned from that mission support toward planning for crewed missions (Artemis-II and beyond). As we approach Artemis-II launch, currently planned for November 2024, SRAG is using advancements in console tools, monitoring hardware and vehicle analysis methods to improve their capability to protect the crew from effects of large Solar Particle Events (SPEs). Model Scoreboards developed with the Coordinated Community Modeling Center (CCMC) and Moon to Mars Space Weather Analysis Office (M2M) at Goddard Space Flight Center have undergone continued refinement incorporating model updates provided by the developers as well as feedback from SRAG and M2M end users. This collaboration has also expanded to include a community-wide effort to validate the outputs of the individual models, enhancing the end users� confidence in the reliability of the tool set. The Acute Radiation Risk Tool (ARRT) developed by SRAG has been updated to improve the predictive capability of a biological response to an enhanced radiation environment. The Artemis Hybrid Electronic Radiation Assessor (HERA) on Space Station (AHoSS) instrument has been operating on the International Space Station (ISS), allowing the radiation console operators to become familiar with the data stream as it will be used in the HERA units manifested on Artemis-II. Additionally, SRAG has worked with the vehicle provider to assess the design of and determine the preferred shelter configuration in case projected exposure is high enough to warrant crew action. As NASA progresses from the ISS to beyond-Low Earth Obit missions to the Moon and Mars, the team is using their prior experience to mitigate crew effects due to increases in radiation exposure.