Browsing by Author "Siedler, Madelin R. (TTU)"
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Item Chronic Thermogenic Dietary Supplement Consumption: Effects on Body Composition, Anthropometrics, and Metabolism(2023) Siedler, Madelin R. (TTU); Rodriguez, Christian (TTU); White, Sarah J. (TTU); Tinoco, Ethan (TTU); DeHaven, Brielle (TTU); Brojanac, Alexandra (TTU); LaValle, Christian (TTU); Rasco, Jaylynn (TTU); Taylor, Lem W.; Tinsley, Grant M. (TTU)Multi-ingredient thermogenic supplements can acutely increase resting energy expenditure (REE) and subjective energy. However, less is understood about the effects of chronic consumption on body composition, metabolism, and subjective variables such as mood, sleep quality, and eating behaviors. Fifty-two healthy, exercise-trained participants (50% female; mean ± SD age: 23.5 ± 3.0 years; body fat percentage: 27.3 ± 8.0%) were randomized 2:2:1 to take a whey protein supplement alone (PRO; n = 20), in combination with a thermogenic supplement (PRO + FB; n = 19), or no supplement at all (CON; n = 13) for four weeks. Body composition, anthropometric, metabolic, hemodynamic, and subjective outcomes were collected before and after the intervention. Greater changes in REE occurred in PRO + FB as compared to CON (111.2 kcal/d, 95% CI 2.4 to 219.9 kcal/d, p = 0.04), without significant differences between PRO and CON (42.7 kcal/d, 95% CI −65.0 to 150.3 kcal/d, p = 0.61) or between PRO + FB and PRO (68.5 kcal/d, 95% CI −28.3, 165.3, p = 0.21). No changes in hemodynamic outcomes (blood pressure and heart rate) were observed. In exercising adults, four weeks of supplementation with protein and a multi-ingredient thermogenic product maintained fasted REE as compared to no supplementation, for which a decrease in REE was observed, without differential effects on body composition, anthropometrics, or subjective variables.Item Evaluation of novel beverage formulations for hydration enhancement in humans(2023) Tinsley, Grant M. (TTU); Siedler, Madelin R. (TTU); Rodriguez, Christian (TTU); Harty, Patrick S. (TTU); Stratton, Matthew T. (TTU); White, Sarah J. (TTU); Keith, Dale S. (TTU); Green, Jacob J. (TTU); Boykin, Jake R. (TTU); Williams, Abegale D. (TTU); DeHaven, Brielle (TTU); Brojanac, Alexandra (TTU); Tinoco, Ethan (TTU)This study evaluated the influence of novel beverage formulations on bioimpedance- and urine-based hydration markers. Thirty young healthy adults (n=16 females, n=14 males; age: 23.2±3.7 years; BMI: 24.3±3.3 kg/m2) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Participants completed three conditions with baseline bioimpedance, urine, and body mass assessments, followed by ingestion of one liter of a test beverage over a 30-minute period. The three beverages were: active hydration formulation in still (AFstill) or sparkling (AFspark) water and a still water control. The active formulations were identical in concentrations of alpha-cyclodextrin and complexing agents. Following beverage ingestion, bioimpedance assessments were performed every 15 minutes for two hours, followed by final urinary and body mass assessments. The primary bioimpedance outcomes were phase angle at 50 kHz, resistance of the extracellular compartment (R0), and resistance of the intracellular compartment (Ri). Data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models, Friedman tests, and Wilcoxon tests. Statistically significant changes in phase angle values were observed at 30 (p=0.004) and 45 minutes (p=0.024) following the initiation of beverage ingestion in the AFstill condition as compared to the reference model (i.e., control condition at baseline). Although differences between conditions were not statistically significant at later time points, the data were consistent with AFstill having greater elevations in phase angle throughout the monitoring period. At the 30-minute time point only, statistically significant differences in R0 for AFspark (p<0.001) and in Ri for AFstill (p=0.008) were observed. When averaged across post-ingestion time points, there was a trend (p=0.08) for Ri differences between conditions. The net fluid balance was greater than zero, indicating retention of ingested fluid, for AFstill (p=0.02) and control (p=0.03), with a trend for AFspark (p=0.06). In conclusion, an active formulation containing alpha-cyclodextrin in still water demonstrated potential benefits for enhancing hydration markers in humans.Item Improved precision of 3-dimensional optical imaging for anthropometric measurement using non-rigid avatar reconstruction and parameterized body model fitting(2023) Tinsley, Grant M. (TTU); Harty, Patrick S. (TTU); Siedler, Madelin R. (TTU); Stratton, Matthew T. (TTU); Rodriguez, Christian (TTU)Background: Three-dimensional optical imaging for digital anthropometry and body composition estimation is increasingly available to health professionals and individual consumers. The purpose of the present analysis was to examine the precision of a scanner that employs non-rigid avatar reconstruction and parameterized body model fitting. Methods: Sixty-nine healthy adults (37 F, 32 M; [mean ±SD] age: 24.1±5.5 y; height: 169.2±13.9 cm; BMI: 26.0±5.2 kg/m2) were evaluated through duplicate scans using a second-generation prototype three-dimensional optical scanner. Test-retest precision was established using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), root-mean-square coefficient of variation (RMS-%CV), precision error (PE), and least significant change. Results: Across 21 non-ankle body circumferences, PE ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 cm, RMS-%CV ranged from 0.4 to 1.4%, and ICC values were 0.975–0.999. Compared to the first-generation scanner (PE: 0.8–1.0 cm; RMS-%CV: 0.8–1.2%), the errors of waist and hip circumferences were reduced by half (PE: 0.4–0.5 cm, RMS-%CV: 0.4–0.6%). Estimated body fat percentage also demonstrated very high reliability (PE: 0.2%, RMS-%CV: 0.7%, ICC: 0.999). Conclusions: These findings support the improved precision of a second-generation scanner reconstructing a non-rigid avatar subject and parameterized body model fitting and demonstrate the low measurement error that is achievable with this technology.Item The Influence of Energy Balance and Availability on Resting Metabolic Rate: Implications for Assessment and Future Research Directions(2023) Siedler, Madelin R. (TTU); De Souza, Mary Jane; Albracht-Schulte, Kembra (TTU); Sekiguchi, Yasuki (TTU); Tinsley, Grant M. (TTU)Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a significant contributor to an individual’s total energy expenditure. As such, RMR plays an important role in body weight regulation across populations ranging from inactive individuals to athletes. In addition, RMR may also be used to screen for low energy availability and energy deficiency in athletes, and thus may be useful in identifying individuals at risk for the deleterious consequences of chronic energy deficiency. Given its importance in both clinical and research settings within the fields of exercise physiology, dietetics, and sports medicine, the valid assessment of RMR is critical. However, factors including varying states of energy balance (both short- and long-term energy deficit or surplus), energy availability, and prior food intake or exercise may influence resulting RMR measures, potentially introducing error into observed values. The purpose of this review is to summarize the relationships between short- and long-term changes in energetic status and resulting RMR measures, consider these findings in the context of relevant recommendations for RMR assessment, and provide suggestions for future research.Item The Effects of Intermittent Diet Breaks during 25% Energy Restriction on Body Composition and Resting Metabolic Rate in Resistance-Trained Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial(2023) Siedler, Madelin R. (TTU); Lewis, Megan H.; Trexler, Eric T.; Lamadrid, Priscila; Waddell, Brian J.; Bishop, Sarah F.; Sanfilippo, Gillian; Callahan, Kaitlin; Mathas, David; Mastrofini, Gianna F.; Henselmans, Menno; Vårvik, Fredrik T.; Campbell, Bill I.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on body composition, resting metabolic rate, and eating behaviors in resistance-trained females. Thirty-eight resistance-trained females (mean ± standard deviation age: 22.3 ± 4.2 years) were randomized to receive either six weeks of a continuous 25% reduction in energy intake (n = 18), or one week of energy balance after every two weeks of 25% energy restriction (eight weeks total; n = 20). Participants were instructed to ingest 1.8 g protein/kilogram bodyweight per day and completed three weekly supervised resistance training sessions throughout the intervention. There were no differences between groups for changes over time in body composition, resting metabolic rate, or seven of the eight measured eating behavior variables (p > 0.05). However, a significant group-by-time interaction for disinhibition (p < 0.01) from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire was observed, with values (± standard error) in the continuous group increasing from 4.91 ± 0.73 to 6.17 ± 0.71, while values in the intermittent group decreased from 6.80 ± 0.68 to 6.05 ± 0.68. Thus, diet breaks do not appear to induce improvements in body composition or metabolic rate in comparison with continuous energy restriction over six weeks of dieting, but may be employed for those who desire a short-term break from an energy-restricted diet without fear of fat regain. While diet breaks may reduce the impact of prolonged energy restriction on measures of disinhibition, they also require a longer time period that may be less appealing for some individuals.Item The influence of caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on resistance exercise performance and subjective outcomes(2022) Stratton, Matthew T. (TTU); Siedler, Madelin R. (TTU); Harty, Patrick S. (TTU); Rodriguez, Christian (TTU); Boykin, Jake R. (TTU); Green, Jacob J. (TTU); Keith, Dale S. (TTU); White, Sarah J. (TTU); DeHaven, Brielle (TTU); Williams, Abegale D. (TTU); Tinsley, Grant M. (TTU)Background: There is substantial consumer and practitioner interest in an emerging supplement class known as multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS), largely due to their prevalence in resistance training communities as well as research findings demonstrating the ergogenic impact of caffeine on muscular performance. However, limited research has examined the potential efficacy of non-caffeinated MIPS, despite their growing popularity among those who are caffeine-sensitive or who train later in the day. Methods: Twenty-four resistance-trained college-aged males (n = 12) and females (n = 12) completed three visits in which they ingested either a caffeinated MIPS (C), an otherwise identical non-caffeinated MIPS (NC), or placebo in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover fashion. Squat isometric peak force (PFiso), rate of force development (RFD), and isokinetic performance were assessed. Upper and lower body maximal muscular strength and endurance were evaluated using the bench press and leg press, respectively. Visual analog scales for energy, focus, and fatigue were completed five times throughout the testing protocol. The effects of supplementation and biological sex on all variables were examined using linear mixed effects models. Results: Significantly greater PFiso was observed in both C (b: 0.36 transformed units [0.09, 0.62]) and NC (b: 0.32 transformed units [95% CI: 0.05, 0.58]) conditions, relative to placebo. Early RFD (RFD50) may have been higher with supplementation, particularly in females, with no effects for late RFD (RFD200) or peak RFD. In addition, increases in subjective energy after supplement ingestion were noted for C, but not NC. No effects of supplementation on traditional resistance exercise performance or isokinetic squat performance were observed, other than a lower leg press one-repetition maximum for males in the NC condition. Conclusions: These data indicate that acute ingestion of either a caffeinated or non-caffeinated pre-workout formulation improved maximal force production during an isometric squat test but did not provide additional benefit to leg press, bench press, or isokinetic squat performance over placebo, within the context of a laboratory environment. The consumption of a caffeinated, but not non-caffeinated, MIPS increased subjective ratings of energy over placebo when assessed as part of a testing battery.