Browsing by Author "Stambaugh, Imelda"
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Item Development of a Water Recovery System Resource Tracking Model(45th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2015-07-12) Chambliss, Joe; Stambaugh, Imelda; Sargusingh, Miriam; Shull, Sarah; Moore, MichaelA simulation model has been developed to track water resources in an exploration vehicle using Regenerative Life Support (RLS) systems. The Resource Tracking Model (RTM) integrates the functions of all the vehicle components that significantly affect the processing and recovery of water during simulated missions. The approach used in developing the RTM enables its use as part of a complete vehicle simulation for real-time mission studies. Performance data for the components in the RTM are focused on water processing. The data provided to the model have been based on the most recent information available regarding the technology of the component. This paper will describe the process of defining the RLS system to be modeled, the way the modeling environment was selected, and how the model has been implemented. Results showing how the RLS components exchange water are provided in a test case.Item Investigation of Silver Biocide as a Disinfection Tehcnology for Spacecraft – An Early Literature Review(48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2018-07-08) Li, Wenyan; Calle, Luz; Hanford, Anthony; Stambaugh, Imelda; Callahan, MichaelAn ideal spacecraft water disinfection system should prevent or control microbial growth, inhibit or prevent biofilm formation, and prevent microbial-induced corrosion. In addition, the selected biocide system should be chemically compatible with materials used in the water storage and distribution system, have minimal maintenance requirement, especially for long-duration missions, and should be safe for crew consumption at levels appropriate for biocidal control. Silver ion is a proven broad spectrum biocide. Terrestrially, there has been an increased interest in the biocidal function of silver, both due to its potential to control bacterial resistant species and due to advances in silver and nano-silver biocide technologies. NASA is considering silver as the future biocide for exploration over the current iodine state-of-the-art (SOA) biocide system. In order to select and design a successful silver biocide delivery system to meet NASA’s requirements, it is essential to understand the advantages and disadvantages of moving to a silver disinfection system. To enhance the knowledge base for the application of silver biocides in spacecraft water systems, this paper provides a first compilation of review data related to: (1) Silver as a biocide technology, (2) Options and concepts for silver biocide delivery, and (3) Silver biocide compatibility studies for spacecraft systems.Item NASA Environmental Control and Life Support Technology Development for Exploration: 2021 to 2022 Overview(51st International Conference on Environmental Systems, 7/10/2022) Broyan, James; McKinley, Melissa; Stambaugh, Imelda; Ruff, Gary; Owens, AndrewOver the past year, significant progress has occurred in technology development, ground testing, and ISS technology demonstrations within the NASA Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLSS) community. This paper provides a technology development update in the following capability areas: life support, environmental monitoring, fire safety, and logistics. Technologies for exploration missions must be reliable in their operation which support crewed mission phases. However, they also need to be put into reduced use or dormant states to support uncrewed mission phases and then successfully and reliably returned to a nominal state to support crew. Multi-year demonstration of systems operation across this range of conditions are essential to mission success. Project overviews will include how the current activity supports the goal of multi-year demonstrations, planned follow-on activities, and what type of exploration mission elements are targeted for infusion. Technologies must be demonstrated and validated early enough to inform early exploration element milestone reviews (mission concept reviews, systems requirement reviews and no later than preliminary design reviews) so that supporting vehicle systems can also be matured.Item NASA Environmental Control and Life Support Technology Development for Exploration: 2022-2023 Status(2023 International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2023-07-16) Schneider, Walter; Brown, Arthur; Allen, Chris; Barta, Daniel; Gazda, Daniel; McKinley, Melissa; Ridley, Alesha; Stambaugh, ImeldaNASA is pursing Environmental Control and Life Support technology developments and hardware upgrades to support Gateway, lunar surface, Mars transit, and Mars surface missions. This paper will highlight 2022-2023 progress of the technologies and how they are maturing on the path to ground testing and demonstration in microgravity. Technologies NASA is trading, new developments, and particular challenging issues will be highlighted. Technologies addressed in this paper are in the areas of atmosphere revitalization, water recovery and management, waste management, and environmental monitoring.Item Orion Environmental Control and Life Support Systems Suit Loop and Pressure Control Analysis(45th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2015-07-12) Stambaugh, Imelda; Conger, Bruce; Eckhardt, BradUnder NASA’s Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) Project at Johnson Space Center, the Crew and Thermal Systems Division has developed performance models of the air system using Thermal Desktop/FloCAD. The Thermal Desktop model includes an Air Revitalization System (ARS) Loop, a Suit Loop, a Cabin Loop, and Pressure Control System (PCS) for supplying make-up gas (nitrogen and oxygen (O2)) to the Cabin and Suit Loop. The ARS and PCS are designed to maintain air quality at acceptable O2, carbon dioxide (CO2) and humidity levels as well as internal pressures in the vehicle cabin and during suited operations. This effort required development of a suite of Thermal Desktop Orion ECLSS models to address the need for various simulation capabilities regarding ECLSS performance. An initial highly detailed model of the ARS Loop was developed to simulate rapid pressure transients (water hammer effects) within the ARS Loop caused by events such as cycling of the Pressurized Swing Adsorption (PSA) Beds and required high temporal resolution (small time steps) in the model during simulation. A second ECLSS model was developed to simulate events that occur over longer periods of time (more than 30 minutes) where O2, CO2, and humidity levels, as well as internal pressures, needed to be monitored in the cabin and for suited operations. Stand-alone models of the PCS and the Negative Pressure Relief Valve (NPRV) were developed to study thermal effects within the PCS during emergency scenarios (cabin leak) and cabin pressurization during vehicle reentry into Earth’s atmosphere. Results from the Orion ECLSS models were used during Orion Delta-PDR (July 2014) to address Key Design Requirements for Suit Loop operations for multiple mission scenarios.Item Potential Evolution of Crop Production in Space Using Veggie(48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2018-07-08) Hanford, Anthony; Anderson, Molly; Ewert, Michael; Stambaugh, ImeldaHistorically, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) proposed large chambers to support crop production for food production in closed or partially closed regenerative life support systems. Such concepts relegate crop production, aside from small facilities deemed “salad machines,” to the indefinite future because they require large commitments of infrastructure to enable and support. Significantly, recent NASA mission architectures propose gradually placing capabilities in desirable locations by combining assets from earlier visits. An approach for producing crops might also build up greater capabilities over time. The analyses here consider combining multiple Vegetable Production Systems (Veggies) like the one on the International Space Station (ISS) to provide an ever greater crop production capability. Initial installations might yield a salad per crewmember every other day, while much more capable facilities might provide complete closure for atmospheric revitalization as well as about sixty percent of the crew’s food on a dry mass basis. New technologies for plant growth systems and volume optimization were considered. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine what improvements to the physical and biological component performance would provide the most benefit to the system.Item Resource Tracking Model Updates and Trade Studies(46th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2016-07-10) Chambliss, Joe; Stambaugh, Imelda; Moore, MichaelThe Resource Tracking Model has been updated to capture system manager and project manager inputs. Both the Trick/General Use Nodal Network Solver Resource Tracking Model (RTM) simulator and the RTM mass balance spreadsheet have been revised to address inputs from system managers and to refine the way mass balance is illustrated. The revisions to the RTM included the addition of a Plasma Pyrolysis Assembly (PPA) to recover hydrogen from Sabatier Reactor methane, which was vented in the prior version of the RTM. The effect of the PPA on the overall balance of resources in an exploration vehicle is illustrated in the increased recycle of vehicle oxygen. Case studies have been run to show the relative effect of performance changes on vehicle resources.Item Risk Analysis Associated with Loss of Toxic Gases during Orion Landing and Recovery Operations(49th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2019-07-07) Swickrath, Mic; Navarro, Moses; Stambaugh, ImeldaMission, landing and recovery operations for the Orion crew module involve reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere and the deployment of three Nomex parachutes to slow the descent before landing along the west coast of the United States. Orion may have residual fuel (hydrazine, N2H4) or coolant (ammonia, NH3) on board which are both highly toxic to crew in the event of exposure. These risks were evaluated using a first principles analysis approach through fluid dynamics modeling. Plume calculations were first performed with the ANSYS Fluent computational fluid dynamics code. Data were then extracted at locations relevant to crew safety such as the snorkel fan inlet and the egress hatch. Mixing calculations were performed to quantify exposure concentrations within the crew bay before and during egress and departure. Finally, results included herein were used to inform the Orion post-landing Concept of Operations (ConOps) so that strategies could be formulated to maintain crew safety in the event of the loss of fuel or coolant.