Sodium Chloride Removal from International Space Station Wastewater Brine to Generate Plant Fertilizer

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dc.creatorIrwin, Tesia
dc.creatorDiaz, Angie
dc.creatorLi, Wenyan
dc.creatorLunn, Griffin M.
dc.creatorKoss, Lawrence
dc.creatorWheeler, Raymond
dc.creatorCallahan, Michael
dc.creatorJackson, Andrew
dc.creatorCalle, Luz M.
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-23T20:16:29Z
dc.date.available2021-06-23T20:16:29Z
dc.date.issued7/12/2021
dc.descriptionTesia Irwin, The Bionetics Corporation
dc.descriptionAngie Diaz, URS Federal Services Inc
dc.descriptionWenyan Li, URS Federal Services
dc.descriptionGriffin M. Lunn, QinetiQ North America
dc.descriptionLawrence Koss, Enterprise Advisory Services,
dc.descriptionInc.
dc.descriptionRaymond Wheeler, NASA
dc.descriptionMichael Callahan, NASA
dc.descriptionAndrew Jackson, Texas Tech University
dc.descriptionLuz M. Calle, NASA
dc.descriptionICES303: Physio-Chemical Life Support- Water Recovery & Management Systems- Technology and Process Developmenten
dc.descriptionThe 50th International Conference on Environmental Systems was held virtually on 12 July 2021 through 14 July 2021.en_US
dc.description.abstractWater is a critical resource for human exploration beyond low earth orbit. There are two general mechanisms for wastewater recovery. The current practice on the International Space Station (ISS) is vapor compression distillation, which requires a significant amount of consumables and has a water recovery rate of around 75%. An alternative approach is a biological water processor (BWP), integrated with a forward osmosis secondary treatment system (FOST). The integrated system is expected to recover 95% of the initial wastewater volume. The remaining 5% is lost as a concentrated brine. For a closed-loop water recovery system, all nutrients should be recovered and reused. For far-term life support, plant systems will be introduced to grow in situ foods, as well as to regenerate O2 and remove CO2 from cabin air. To do so will require a continuous flow of nutrients or fertilizer. The wastewater brine provides a rich source of nutrients for plants, but its high sodium content presents a challenge for most food crops. Direct recycling of urine to crops for life support was tested in Bios-3 (Russia) and resulted in salinization of growth systems. Halophytic plants have been tested with high Na inputs but their yields are low. A thermal swing process has been proposed to separate NaCl from other salts in wastewater for use as plant fertilizer. The paper reports the initial proof of concept testing results, which showed that the thermal swing process is a promising approach for NaCl reduction from wastewater, as well as the tasks planned for further development.en_US
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.otherICES-2021-62
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2346/87075
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisher50th International Conference on Environmental Systemsen_US
dc.subjectwastewater
dc.subjectsodium removal
dc.subjectfertilizer
dc.subjectbrine
dc.subjectBWP
dc.titleSodium Chloride Removal from International Space Station Wastewater Brine to Generate Plant Fertilizeren_US
dc.typePresentationen_US

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