Repeated turnovers keep sex chromosomes young in willows

dc.creatorWang, Deyan
dc.creatorLi, Yiling
dc.creatorLi, Mengmeng
dc.creatorYang, Wenlu
dc.creatorMa, Xinzhi
dc.creatorZhang, Lei
dc.creatorWang, Yubo
dc.creatorFeng, Yanlin
dc.creatorZhang, Yuanyuan
dc.creatorZhou, Ran
dc.creatorSanderson, Brian J (TTU)
dc.creatorKeefover‑Ring, Ken
dc.creatorYin, Tongming
dc.creatorSmart, Lawrence B
dc.creatorDiFazio, Stephen P
dc.creatorLiu, Jianquan
dc.creatorOlson, Matthew (TTU)
dc.creatorMa, Tao
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-15T19:30:19Z
dc.date.available2023-03-15T19:30:19Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.descriptionOpen Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.en_US
dc.description.abstractBackground Salicaceae species have diverse sex determination systems and frequent sex chromosome turnovers. However, compared with poplars, the diversity of sex determination in willows is poorly understood, and little is known about the evolutionary forces driving their turnover. Here, we characterized the sex determination in two Salix species, S. chaenomeloides and S. arbutifolia, which have an XY system on chromosome 7 and 15, respectively. Results Based on the assemblies of their sex determination regions, we found that the sex determination mechanism of willows may have underlying similarities with poplars, both involving intact and/or partial homologs of a type A cytokinin response regulator (RR) gene. Comparative analyses suggested that at least two sex turnover events have occurred in Salix, one preserving the ancestral pattern of male heterogamety, and the other changing heterogametic sex from XY to ZW, which could be partly explained by the “deleterious mutation load” and “sexually antagonistic selection” theoretical models. We hypothesize that these repeated turnovers keep sex chromosomes of willow species in a perpetually young state, leading to limited degeneration. Conclusions Our findings further improve the evolutionary trajectory of sex chromosomes in Salicaceae species, explore the evolutionary forces driving the repeated turnovers of their sex chromosomes, and provide a valuable reference for the study of sex chromosomes in other species.en_US
dc.identifier.citationWang, D., Li, Y., Li, M. et al. Repeated turnovers keep sex chromosomes young in willows. Genome Biol 23, 200 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-022-02769-wen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-022-02769-w
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2346/91851
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.subjectSalixen_US
dc.subjectGenomeen_US
dc.subjectSex determinationen_US
dc.subjectSex chromosome turnoveren_US
dc.subjectDeleterious mutation loaden_US
dc.titleRepeated turnovers keep sex chromosomes young in willowsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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