New Equations for Hydrostatic Weighing without Head Submersion

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dc.creatorTesch, Jeff C.
dc.creatorPapadopoulos, Panayiotis
dc.creatorDolgener, Forrest
dc.creatorTinsley, Grant M. (TTU)
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-08T16:21:45Z
dc.date.available2023-03-08T16:21:45Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en_US
dc.description.abstractNew equations were derived to predict the density of the body (DB) by hydrostatic weighing with the head above water (HWHAW). Hydrostatic weighing with the head below water (HWHBW) was the criterion for DB measurement in 90 subjects (44 M, 46 F). Head volume by immersion (HVIMM) was determined by subtracting the mass in water with the head below water (MWHBW) from the mass in water with the head above water (MWHAW), with subjects at residual lung volume. Equations were derived for head volume prediction (HVPRED) from head measurements and used to correct DB by HWHAW. Equations were also derived for HWHAW using direct regression of DB from uncorrected density (with MWHAW in place of MWHBW). Prediction equations were validated in 45 additional subjects (21 M, 24 F). Results were evaluated using equivalence testing, linear regression, Bland–Altman plots, and paired t-tests. Head girth, face girth, and body mass produced the smallest errors for HVPRED. In both M and F validation groups, equivalence (±2% fat by weight) was demonstrated between body fat percent (BF%) by HWHBW and BF% by HWHAW with HVPRED. Variance in computer-averaged samples of MWHAW was significantly less (p < 0.05) than MWHBW. Prediction error was smaller for BF% by HWHAW with HVPRED than for alternative methods. Conclusions: Equivalence between BF% by HWHBW and BF% by HWHAW with HVPRED was demonstrated and differences were not statistically significant. Weight fluctuations were smaller for HWHAW than HWHBW.en_US
dc.identifier.citationTesch JC, Papadopoulos P, Dolgener F, Tinsley GM. New Equations for Hydrostatic Weighing without Head Submersion. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2022; 7(3):70. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7030070en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7030070
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2346/91073
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.subjectUnderwater Weighingen_US
dc.subjectDensitometryen_US
dc.subjectHydrodensitometryen_US
dc.subjectBody Fat Percenten_US
dc.subjectBody Compositionen_US
dc.titleNew Equations for Hydrostatic Weighing without Head Submersionen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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